浅埋滴灌下水氮运筹对春玉米根系衰减特性及产量的影响  

Effects of water and nitrogen application on root attenuation characteristics and yield of spring maize under shallow buried drip irrigation

作　　者：张玉芹[1,2] 杨恒山 张瑞富[1] 李从锋 提俊阳[1] 葛选良[1] 杨镜宏 ZHANG Yu-Qin;YANG Heng-Shan;ZHANG Rui-Fu;LI Cong-Feng;TI Jun-Yang;GE Xuan-Liang;YANG Jing-Hong(College of Agronomy,Inner Mongolia Minzu University,Tongliao 028042,Inner Mongolia,China;Engineering Research Center of Forage Crops of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,Tongliao 028042,Inner Mongolia,China;Institute of Crop Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古民族大学农学院,内蒙古通辽028042 [2]内蒙古自治区饲用作物工程技术研究中心,内蒙古通辽028042 [3]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《作物学报》2023年第11期3074-3089,共16页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31960382,32160509)资助。

摘　　要：为探明浅埋滴灌下水氮运筹对春玉米产量及吐丝后根系衰减特性的影响,2017—2020年在通辽市科尔沁区农牧业高新科技示范园区,以传统畦灌常规施氮(W:4000 m^(3) hm^(–2),N:300 kg hm^(–2))为对照(CK),以滴灌定额为主处理,设传统畦灌常规灌量40%(W1:1600 m^(3)hm^(–2))、50%(W2:2000 m^(3) hm^(–2))、60%(W3:2400 m^(3) hm^(–2))3个水平,以施氮量为副处理,设常规施氮量50%(N1:150 kg hm^(–2))、70%(N2:210 kg hm^(–2))和常规施氮量(N3:300 kg hm^(–2))3个水平,测定不同水氮运筹下春玉米产量的变化,2019年和2020年采用BTC-100微根监测系统对春玉米吐丝后0-50 d时段内0-100 cm土层的根系进行定点连续动态监测。结果表明,春玉米产量连续4年均为W3N3显著高于CK,与W3N2、W2N3、W2N2处理差异不显著,氮肥农学效率连续4年均为W3N2较高。与CK相比,浅埋滴灌W3N30-60 cm土层根长密度、总根表面积和根系平均直径增加,80-100 cm土层根长密度降低,总根表面积和根系平均直径差异较小;吐丝后0-50 d根长密度、总根表面积和根系平均直径衰减幅度较CK低,其中20-40 cm土层根长密度吐丝后0-50 d时段W3N32年分别降低10.29%和8.83%,CK分别降低了15.04%和14.08%,平均根系衰减率W3N3较CK降低5.23%和4.43%。浅埋滴灌下,根长密度、总根表面积和根系平均直径W3N3、W3N2高于其他处理,且吐丝后0-50 d时段内0-60 cm土层衰减幅度较低,80-100 cm土层差异较小;吐丝后0-50 d时段内0-100 cm土层平均根系衰减率W3N3与W3N2差异不显著,W3N2较W2N2和W1N22年分别低5.68%、5.44%和9.75%、11.98%,较W3N1低7.16%和6.77%。方差分析表明,滴灌量和施氮量对产量和氮肥农学效率均有显著影响,滴灌量对吐丝后0-50 d时段内0-60 cm土层根长密度、总根表面积和平均根系衰减率影响显著,施氮量对吐丝后0-50 d时段内0-60 cm土层根长密度、吐丝后0-30 d时段内0-60 cm总根表面积和吐丝后0-50 d时段内0-40 cm土�In order to explore the effects of shallow drip irrigation on the yield and root decay characteristics of spring corn after silking,in the Agricultural and Animal Husbandry High Tech Demonstration Park of Horqin District,Tongliao City from 2017 to 2020,traditional border irrigation conventional nitrogen application(W:4000 m^(3) hm^(–2),N:300 kg hm^(–2))was used as the control(CK),and drip irrigation quotas were used as the main treatments.Three levels of traditional border irrigation conventional irrigation were set:40%(W1:1600 m^(3) hm^(–2)),50%(W2:2000 m^(3) hm^(–2)),and 60%(W3:2400 m^(3) hm^(–2)),Using nitrogen application rate as the secondary treatment,three levels of conventional nitrogen application rate[50%(N1:150 kg hm^(–2)),70%(N2:210 kg hm^(–2)),and conventional nitrogen application rate(N3:300 kg hm^(–2))]were set up to determine the changes in spring maize yield under different water and nitrogen treatments.In 2019 and 2020,the BTC-100 micro root monitoring system was used to continuously monitor root system of spring maize in the 0–100 cm soil layer at the 0–50 days stage after silking.The results showed that the yield of spring maize was significantly higher in W3N3 than CK for four consecutive years,and there was not significant difference compared with W3N2,W2N3,and W2N2 treatments.The nitrogen agronomic efficiency of W3N2 was also the highest at the same time.Compared with CK,root length density,the total root surface area,and the average root diameter of W3N3 all increased in 0–60 cm soil layer while root length density,the total root surface area,and the average root diameter were less in 80–100 cm soil layer;the decrease in root length density,the total root surface area,and the average root diameter was lower from 0 d to 50 d after silking in two years,in which the root length density of W3N3 and CK decreased by 10.29%and 8.83%,and 15.04%and 14.08%and the average root decay rate of W3N3 decreased by 5.23%and 4.43%compared with CK.Under the shallow buried drip irrigati

关 键 词：玉米 浅埋滴灌 水氮运筹 根系衰减 产量 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学] S275.6