盐湖卤水提锂技术研究进展  

Research progress of lithium extraction technology from salt lake brine

作　　者：付煜[1] 邓觅[2] 黄冬根[1] 万金保[1] FU Yu;DENG Mi;HUANG Donggen;WAN Jinbao(Key Laboratory of Environment and Resource Utilization of Poyang Lake,Ministry of Education,School of Resources and Environment,Nanchang University,Nanchang 330031,China;Jiangxi Academy of Sciences,Nanchang 330096,China)

机构地区：[1]南昌大学资源与环境学院,鄱阳湖环境与资源利用教育部重点实验室,江西南昌330031 [2]江西省科学院,江西南昌330096

出　　处：《无机盐工业》2023年第9期9-16,65,共9页Inorganic Chemicals Industry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(41967046)。

摘　　要：随着电动汽车等产业的迅速扩展,对锂原料的需求急剧增加。矿石锂资源濒临枯竭,而盐湖卤水中锂资源储量丰富、开采难度小,迅速成为当前锂盐生产和研究的热点。概述了全球盐湖卤水锂资源的分布、水质特性和提锂方法的应用情况;从反应机理、影响因素、应用效果等方面论述了沉淀法、萃取法、吸附法、膜分离法和电化学法在盐湖卤水提锂方面的研究进展。指出,在现有技术中膜分离法和电化学法具有分离效果好和能耗低等优点,应用前景广阔;而沉淀法和萃取法均存在药剂用量大、环境污染严重等问题;吸附法存在吸附过程缓慢、吸附剂易溶损等不足,导致其在生产中存在较大局限性。最后展望了盐湖锂资源开发的发展趋势,为后续优化提锂工艺提出了建议。With the rapid expansion of industries such as the electric vehicle industry,the demand for lithium raw materials has increased dramatically.Ore lithium resources are on the verge of exhaustion,while salt lake brine has rich lithium re-sources with low mining difficulty,which has quickly become a hot spot in lithium salt production and research.The distribu-tion,water quality characteristics,and application of lithium extraction methods in salt lake brine resources in the world were summarized.The research progress of lithium extraction from salt lake brine by precipitation,extraction,adsorption,membrane separation,and electrochemistry was discussed from the aspects of reaction mechanism,influencing factors,and application effect.Among the existing technologies,the membrane separation method and electrochemical method had the advantages of good separation effect and low energy consumption,thus showing broad application prospects.However,both the precipitation method and the extraction method had the problems of large dosages of chemicals and serious environmen-tal pollution,while the adsorption method had shortcomings such as a slow adsorption process and easy dissolution of adsor-bent,thus resulting in great limitations in industry application.Finally,the development trend of lithium resources in salt lakes was prospected and suggestions for the subsequent optimization of the lithium extraction process were put forward.

关 键 词：盐湖卤水 锂离子筛 膜分离 电化学提锂 

分 类 号：TQ131.11[化学工程—无机化工]