湖南省三十六湾矿区耕地重金属健康风险评价及生态修复对策  

Heavy metal contamination of soil and health risk assessment of crops in Sanshiliuwan mining area of Hunan Province and ecological restoration strategies

作　　者：唐晖 梅金华 谌宏伟[3] 朱智超 TANG Hui;MEI Jinhua;CHEN Hongwei;ZHU Zhichao(Hunan Center of Natural Resources Affairs,Changsha 410004,Hunan,China;Technology Innovation Center for Ecological Conservation and Restoration in Dongting Lake Basin(MNR),Changsha 410004,Hunan,China;School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering,Changsha University of Science&Technology,Changsha 410114,Hunan,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南省自然资源事务中心,湖南长沙410004 [2]自然资源部洞庭湖流域生态保护修复工程技术创新中心,湖南长沙410004 [3]长沙理工大学水利与环境工程学院,湖南长沙410114

出　　处：《矿产勘查》2023年第8期1484-1493,共10页Mineral Exploration

基　　金：自然资源部重点生态保护修复项目(财建[2018]622号;财资环[2020]75号);湖南省水利科技重大项目(XS KJ2019081-09)联合资助。

摘　　要：三十六湾矿区是全国第三批“山水林田湖草”生态保护修复工程耕地复垦重点修复试点区。本文基于污染指数法、地积累指数、富集系数和USEPA健康风险评价模型,探究三十六湾矿区土壤重金属的污染特征、农作物重金属累积状况及其对人体健康的危害,提出土壤修复建议,以期为矿区土壤重金属污染防治和管控提供科学依据。结果表明,土壤重金属综合污染指数为中—重度,其风险等级为:Cd>Pb>As>Zn>Hg>Cu>Cr>Ni;农作物Cd全部超标,白菜和萝卜Pb、Cr超标,水稻、白菜和萝卜As超标,白菜Hg超标。农作物对重金属的富集能力为:水稻>白菜>萝卜。食用农产品的非致癌风险Cr>As>Cd>Pb>Hg,成人与儿童的非致癌危害指数分别为1.04和2.11,致癌风险指数分别为1.62×10^(-5)和3.34×10^(-4),显示成人和儿童均有非致癌风险,儿童有致癌风险,且儿童各种风险都大于成人。建议采取工程措施与物理化学法结合、重金属稳定剂-抗逆性植物联合、植物修复、土壤调理-轮作休耕等技术开展区域耕地土壤生态修复。The Sanshiliuwan Mining area is the key restoration pilot area of cultivated land reclamation in the third batch of"mountain,water,forest,farmland,lake and grassland"ecological protection and restoration project.In this paper,we explore the heavy metal pollution characteristics in soil and crop for pollution index method,the index of geo-accumulation,enrichment coefficient and USEPA health risk assessment model,which relationship between human health.The results showed that the comprehensive pollution index of soil was medium to severe,and the risk level of soil heavy metals was Cd>Pb>As>Zn>Hg>Cu>Cr>Ni.The Cd in three crops exceeds the standard,the Pb and Cr in cabbage and radish exceed the standard,the As in rice,cabbage and rad⁃ish exceeds the standard,and the Hg in cabbage exceeds the standard.Comparison of rice,cabbage and radish,the enrichment ability of heavy metals decrease,gradually.Crop health risk assessment showed that the noncarcinogenic risk of agricultural products was Cr>As>Cd>Pb>Hg,the non-carcinogenic hazard index and the carcinogenic risk index of adults and children was 1.04,2.11and 1.62×10^(-5),3.34×10^(-4),respectively.It indicated that the accumulation of heavy metals in crops had non-carcinogenic risk for both adults and children,and there was a carcinogenic risk for children,and the various risks of children were greater than adults.The technologies such as combination of engineering measure and physic-chemical methods,heavy metal stabilizerresistant plant,phytoremediation and soil conditioning-crop rotation were put forward for the ecological restoration.

关 键 词：耕地土壤 农作物 重金属 健康风险评价 生态修复对策 三十六湾矿区 湖南省 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]