中国婚姻制度变迁的日常生活逻辑——基于上海市人民公园中产父母相亲角的田野观察和理论反思  

Daily Life Logic underlying the Changing Marriage Systems in Contemporary China:Middle Class Parents at the Matchmaking Corner in the Shanghai People's Park

作　　者：计迎春 周海燕 林泽宇 JI Ying-chun;ZHOU Hai-yan;LIN Ze-yu(School of Sociology,Shanghai University,Shanghai 200444,China)

机构地区：[1]上海大学社会学院,上海200444

出　　处：《妇女研究论丛》2023年第4期73-88,共16页Journal of Chinese Women＇s Studies

基　　金：上海市教委科研创新计划人文社科重大项目“中国家庭制度变迁与人口转型困境研究”(项目编号:2021-01-07-00-09-E00133)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：在传统现代杂糅的当代中国,传统的早婚普婚模式正在向晚婚非普婚模式过渡。在此背景下,本文聚焦上海市人民公园的相亲角,从男女双方家庭的日常生活逻辑和动机入手,在规范、观念和意义层面讨论中国婚姻制度变迁。本文发现,男女双方家长的婚育观念和性观念正变得更加多元化,呈现出传统和现代杂糅并存的状态,并具有鲜明的性别模式和显著的性别界限。女方家长对传统婚育规范有更多反思;男方家长虽然在这方面相对传统,但对非传统亲密关系更为包容。在此基础上,本文尝试初步提炼出中国婚姻制度变迁的可能性逻辑机制:选择—经济基础—性别观念差异的三要素链条。在婚姻开始不再是社会规范必选项的前提下,年轻女性的经济独立和原生家庭的经济支持成为她们自由选择结婚与否的微观经济基础,男女双方存在明显的性别观念差距则在很大程度上触发了女性的现实婚姻抉择。The present Chinese society featured by the mosaic modernity is transitioning from a traditionally early and universal marriage society to one of late and less marriage.This study thus investigates men and women's families at the matchmaking corner at the People's Park in Shanghai and focuses on their daily life logic concerning marriage and fertility to understand institutional changes of the present Chinese marriage in respect to norms and meanings.Our findings reveal that parents of either men or women have diverse views about marriage,fertility and sex,indicating a hybrid of traditional and modern ideas following a stark gendered pattern.Women's parents seem to be rather critical of traditional marriage and fertility norms,while men's parents are more prone to them,but more tolerant of nontraditional intimacy.Based on these findings,we propose a tentative three-chain mechanism that choice,economic basis and disparities in gender beliefs.When marriage is no longer mandatory by traditional norms for individuals,young women's economic independence and financial support from their family of origin become the micro economic basis of their freedom of choice over getting married or staying single.The shape differences in gender beliefs thus lead to women's decision-making in reality:to marry or not to marry.

关 键 词：马赛克现代性 日常生活逻辑 婚姻制度变迁机制 非传统亲密关系 婚育 相亲角 

分 类 号：C913.1[经济管理]