治安处罚中防卫行为认定标准的剖析与完善——以《行政处罚法》为视角  

Analysis and Improvement of Identification Standards for Defense in Public Security Administration Punishments:From Perspective of Administrative Punishment Law

作　　者：王羿程 Wang Yicheng(People's Public Security University of China,Beijing 100032,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民公安大学,北京100032

出　　处：《贵州警察学院学报》2023年第4期12-20,共9页Journal of Guizhou Police College

摘　　要：公民的个人防卫是《宪法》人权保障原则赋予的合法权利,《刑法》《民法典》等法律都有具体的规定,而治安管理处罚中防卫行为的应用因法规范的缺漏以及实践标准的偏离,导致正确认定的情形极少,不当限制了治安防卫行为的实施,无法妥善地保障公民的人身权和财产权,在2021年7月,《行政处罚法》实施的大背景下,系统梳理《行政处罚法》与《治安管理处罚法》的相关法律规范,从实体和程序上,借助过错责任推定规范和听证程序,进一步完善治安防卫行为的认定标准,力图在规范的层面上达成两部法律的有机衔接,希冀在实践上指导治安防卫行为的适用。The self-defense of citizens is a legitimate right granted by the principle of human rights protection in the Constitution,and specific provisions are made in laws such as the Criminal Law and the Civil Code.However,due to the lack of legal norms and deviation in practical standards,correct identification of self-defense behaviors is extremely rare in public security administration punishments,resulting in improper restrictions on the implementation of such behaviors and the failure to adequately protect citizens'personal and property rights.Against the background that the revised Administrative Punishment Law came into force since July 2021,this article systematically sorts out relevant legal norms of the Administrative Punishment Law and the Law on Public Security Administration Punishments,and then proposes that,from substantive and procedural perspectives,the identification standards for defense behaviors in public security administration should be further improved with the aid of norms for presumption of fault liability and the hearing system.The aim is to achieve an organic connection between the two laws at the normative level and provide practical guidance for the application of self-defense behaviors.

关 键 词：防卫行为 治安防卫行为 认定标准 完善路径 

分 类 号：D922.14[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]