冷战遗留视角下的美国对华科技遏制战略研究  

Study on the U.S.Sci-Tech Containment Strategy Against China from the Cold War Residual Perspective

作　　者：钮维敢 陈康 Niu Weigan;Chen Kang

机构地区：[1]北京建筑大学马克思主义学院,北京102616 [2]北京信息科技大学马克思主义学院,北京100192

出　　处：《国际观察》2023年第3期135-156,共22页International Review

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“‘一带一路’遭遇的冷战思维挑战及应对研究”(项目批准号:19ZDA138)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：美国对华科技遏制战略,是由蕴含着冷战遗留因素的政治变量与中美科技实力差距对比交织成的复合变量所驱动的。以冷战遗留视角对该战略进行学理重构,可以发现从未放弃冷战任务的美国在冷战思维驱动和冷战“胜利”经验的影响下,必然要对作为第一生产力的中国科技发展进行遏制。尽管美国在战略施行过程中时常出现形式与力度的波动,但实质是资本追逐剩余价值的本性促使其不断“优化”外交政策以寻求利益最大化的结果。冷战结束后,中美两国科技实力差距急剧缩小,美国对华科技战略的实践随之出现明显的阶段性衍化的特点。当下对华科技遏制程度加剧,是秉持冷战思维的美国战略界在新一轮科技革命浪潮下的必然选择。未来,美国对华科技遏制战略的实践将趋于精准化、制度化、意识形态化。面对这一挑战,中国应当保持战略定力,多方位、多渠道设计应对方案。The U.S.Sci-Tech containment strategy against China is driven by complex variables,which include two aspects,one is the Cold War Residual problems,and the other is the comparison of China and the United States in terms of Sci-Tech strength.This study tries to reconstruct this strategy theoretically from the perspective of the legacy of the Cold War,and finds that the United States never give up its Cold War mission.Driven by the Cold War mentality and influenced by the experience of winning the Cold War,the United States adopts the Sci-Tech containment strategy against China.As for the strategy implementation,there are often fluctuations in the form and intensity of specific policies.With the end of the Cold War,the gap in scientific and technological strength between China and the United States has narrowed sharply,and the practice of the United States'Sci-Tech strategy against China has showed prominent characteristics of phased evolution.The current intensification of containment of China's Sci-Tech is an inevitable choice for the U.S.strategic community,which adheres to the Cold War mentality,under the new wave of technological revolution.In the future,the practice of the U.S.Sci-Tech containment strategy against China will become more precise,institutionalized,and ideologically aligned.In the face of this challenge,China should maintain its strategic focus and design a multi-faceted and multi-channel response plan.

关 键 词：冷战遗留问题 科技遏制战略 中美关系 冷战思维 中国战略应对 

分 类 号：D81[政治法律—国际关系]