中国鼠疫耶尔森菌表型及其基因分型研究  

Phenotype and genotyping of Yersinia pestis in China

作　　者：张雪飞[1] 何建[2] 辛文媛 靳娟[2] 杨晓艳[2] 李胜[2] 张琪[2] 辛有全[2] 张青雯[2] 代瑞霞[2] 魏柏青[3] Zhang Xuefei;He Jian;Xin Wenyuan;Jin Juan;Yang Xiaoyan;Li Sheng;Zhang Qi;Xin Youquan;Zhang Qingwen;Dai Ruixia;Wei Baiqing(Key Laboratory for Plague Control and Research,National Health Commission,Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory for Plague Prevention and Control and Research,Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control,Xining 810021,China;Professional Laboratory of Plague,Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control,Xining 810021,China;Department for Plague Prevention and Control,Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control,Xining 810021,China)

机构地区：[1]青海省地方病预防控制所国家卫生健康委员会鼠疫防治研究重点实验室青海省鼠疫防控及研究重点实验室,西宁810021 [2]青海省地方病预防控制所鼠疫菌专业实验室,西宁810021 [3]青海省地方病预防控制所鼠疫预防控制科,西宁810021

出　　处：《中华地方病学杂志》2023年第7期517-524,共8页Chinese Journal of Endemiology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(81660349);国家重点研发计划(2021YFC1200204)。

摘　　要：目的了解中国不同鼠疫自然疫源地鼠疫耶尔森菌(简称鼠疫菌)表型及其基因型分布,为鼠疫防控提供科学依据。方法选取涵盖1943年以来中国11个鼠疫自然疫源地不同时间、地区、宿主、媒介体内分离的2184株鼠疫菌,对其进行生化型鉴定,糖醇类酵解试验,毒力因子[荚膜抗原(F1)、鼠疫菌素Ⅰ(PstⅠ)、毒力抗原因子(VWa)、色素沉着因子(Pgm)]试验,差异区段(DFR)分型和规律成簇间隔短回文重复序列(CRISPR)分型研究。结果中国鼠疫自然疫源地鼠疫菌分为16个生化型,各疫源地间呈明显的地区性分布。大多数菌株对阿胶糖(89.79%,1961/2184)、麦芽糖(80.13%,1750/2184)、甘油(94.23%,2058/2184)酵解阳性,脱氮反应(82.78%,1808/2184)阳性,对鼠李糖(88.78%,1939/2184)、密二糖(85.62%,1870/2184)酵解阴性。毒力因子试验结果显示,99.95%(2183/2184)的鼠疫菌F1阳性;99.73%(2178/2184)的鼠疫菌能产生PstⅠ;73.31%(1601/2184)的鼠疫菌VWa阳性,26.69%(583/2184)的鼠疫菌VWa阴性;Pgm阳性菌株占72.62%(1586/2184),Pgm阴性菌株占21.52%(470/2184),Pgm混合型菌株占5.86%(128/2184)。DFR分型结果显示,2184株鼠疫菌共包括52个基因型,其中19个为主要基因型,33个为次要基因型。CRISPR分型发现16个主要基因型,其中7个为新发现基因型。结论中国各鼠疫自然疫源地鼠疫菌表型和基因型多样且具有地区分布特性。Objective To study the phenotype and genotype distribution of Yersinia pestis(Y.pestis)in different natural foci of plague in China,so as to provide scientific basis for plague prevention and control.Methods A total of 2184 strains of Y.pestis isolated from different time periods,regions,hosts and vectors in 11 plague natural foci of China since 1943 were selected for biochemical type identification,glycolysis test,virulence factor test[capsule antigen(F1),pesticinⅠ(PstⅠ),virulence antigen factor(VWa),pigmentation factor(Pgm)],different region(DFR)typing and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)typing.Results There were 16 biochemical types of Y.pestis in the natural foci of plague in China,and each biochemical type showed obvious regional distribution in each foci.Most strains were positive for ass hide glue glycolysis(89.79%,1961/2184),maltose(80.13%,1750/2184),glycerol(94.23%,2058/2184),and denitrification(82.78%,1808/2184),and negative for rhamnose(88.78%,1939/2184)and melibiose(85.62%,1870/2184).Virulence factor test results showed that 99.95%(2183/2184)of Y.pestis were F1 positive;99.73%(2178/2184)of Y.pestis can produce PstⅠ;73.31%(1601/2184)of Y.pestis were VWa positive and 26.69%(583/2184)were VWa negative;Pgm positive strains accounted for 72.62%(1586/2184),Pgm negative strains accounted for 21.52%(470/2184),and Pgm mixed type strains accounted for 5.86%(128/2184).According to DFR typing results,there were 52 genotypes in 2184 strains of Y.pestis,of which 19 were major genotypes and 33 were minor genotypes.CRISPR typing revealed 16 major genotypes,of which 7 were newly discovered.Conclusion The phenotypes and genotypes of Y.pestis in various natural foci of plague in China are diverse and have geographical distribution characteristics.

关 键 词：鼠疫耶尔森菌 鼠疫自然疫源地 表型特征 基因型 

分 类 号：R378.61[医药卫生—病原生物学]