2009-2020年呼伦贝尔高原蒙古旱獭鼠疫自然疫源地鼠疫监测结果分析  

Analysis of plague monitoring results in natural focus of Marmota sibirica plague in Hulunbuir Plateau from 2009 to 2020

作　　者：张晨曦 李建云 刘芳 范蒙光 刘洋 吴宜伟 Zhang Chenxi;Li Jianyun;Liu Fang;Fan Mengguang;Liu Yang;Wu Yiwei(School of Public Health,Inner Mongolia Medical University,Hohhot 010107,China;Plague Prevention and Control Department,Inner Mongolia Center for Comprehensive Disease Prevention and Control,Hohhot 010031,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古医科大学公共卫生学院,呼和浩特010107 [2]内蒙古自治区综合疾病预防控制中心鼠防科,呼和浩特010031

出　　处：《中华地方病学杂志》2023年第7期558-561,共4页Chinese Journal of Endemiology

基　　金：内蒙古自治区科技重大专项(2021ZD0006);内蒙古自治区自然基金(2018MS08059);国家重点研发计划(2021YFC1200200)。

摘　　要：目的分析呼伦贝尔高原蒙古旱獭鼠疫自然疫源地鼠疫监测结果,掌握该疫源地鼠疫疫情的发展和变化特点。方法2009-2020年,每年5-9月在满洲里市、陈巴尔虎旗、新巴尔虎左旗、新巴尔虎右旗开展监测,采用一日弓形夹法调查达乌尔黄鼠密度,5 m夹线法调查其他小型啮齿类动物;对达乌尔黄鼠体外寄生蚤,于低倍光镜下进行分类鉴定,对获取的鼠、蚤可检材料,按照《鼠疫诊断标准》(WS 279-2008),进行鼠疫耶尔森菌(鼠疫菌)分离培养;采集捕获的活鼠血清,采用间接血凝试验进行鼠疫抗体检测。结果2009-2020年,呼伦贝尔高原蒙古旱獭鼠疫自然疫源地达乌尔黄鼠平均密度为0.45只/hm2;其他小型啮齿类动物捕获率为1.25%(787/63091),共获鼠类4科8属9种;达乌尔黄鼠总染蚤率为28.37%(1945/6856),蚤指数为1.04,共获蚤类2科3属3种;共剖检达乌尔黄鼠6674只,培养各种蚤类2537组6787只,鼠疫菌检测结果均为阴性;共检测达乌尔黄鼠血清6795份,检出阳性血清11份,阳性检出率为0.16%,阳性血清最高滴度为1∶1280。2010-2014年连续5年均发现间接血凝试验阳性血清,且均分布在满洲里市、新巴尔虎右旗。结论呼伦贝尔高原蒙古旱獭鼠疫自然疫源地多个年度检出达乌尔黄鼠鼠疫菌抗体阳性血清,值得高度警惕,今后应持续开展监测工作,加强检菌工作,以及时发现可能存在的鼠疫疫情,做好各项鼠疫防控工作。Objective To analyze the plague monitoring results of Marmota sibirica plague natural focus in Hulunbuir Plateau,and to study the characteristics of development and variation of the plague focus.Methods From 2009 to 2020,monitoring was conducted in Manzhouli City,Prairie Chenbarhu Banner,Xin Barag Left Banner,and Xin Barag Right Banner from May to September each year.The one-day bow-clip method was used to investigate the density of the Spermophilus dauricus,and the 5-meter clamp method was used to investigate other small rodents.The classification and identification of ectoparasite fleas were done by using low power microscope.According to"Diagnostic Criteria for Plague"(WS 279-2008),the detectable materials of rats and fleas were tested,and Yersinia pestis was isolated and cultured.The serums of collected rats were detected by indirect hemagglutination test.Results From 2009 to 2020,the average density of dauricus in Marmota sibirica plague natural focus of Hulunbuir Plateau was 0.45/hm2,and the capture rate of other small rodents was 1.25%(787/63091).A total of 9 species,8 genera and 4 families of rodents were captured.The total flea infection rate of Spermophilus dauricus was 28.37%(1945/6856)and the fleas index was 1.04.A total of 3 species,3 genera and 2 families of fleas were collected.A total of 6674 Spermophilus dauricus were dissected and 6787 fleas were cultured in 2537 groups.The Yersinia pestis test was negative.A total of 6795 serum samples from Spermophilus dauricus were detected,of which 11 were positive with a positive detection rate of 0.16%.The highest titer of positive serum was 1∶1280.Indirect hemagglutination test positive materials were found for 5 consecutive years from 2010 to 2014;the positive serums were found in Manzhouli City and Xin Barag Right Banner.Conclusions The Yersinia pestis antibady positive serum of Spermophilus dauricus has been detected in Marmota sibirica plague focus of Hulunbuir Plateau for many years,which is worthy of high vigilance.In the future,continuous surveil

关 键 词：鼠疫 呼伦贝尔高原 蒙古旱獭 疫源地 达乌尔黄鼠 

分 类 号：R516.8[医药卫生—内科学] R181.8[医药卫生—临床医学]