广东民歌旋律与方言声调关系研究——以广府、客家、潮汕三首儿歌为例  

A Study on the Relationship Between the Melody of Folk Song and the Tones of Dialect in Guangdong:Taking Three Childrens Songs From Canton,Hakka and Chaoshan as Examples

作　　者：石佩璇[1] 黎咏棋 SHI Peixuan;LI Yongqi

机构地区：[1]星海音乐学院音乐与语言联合实验室

出　　处：《星海音乐学院学报》2022年第2期115-128,共14页Journal of Xinghai Conservatory of Music

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年项目“基于巴色会客话文献的粤东客家方言语法研究”(19YJC740065);广东省普通高校创新团队项目“音乐创客空间建设与跨学科协同建构创新团队”(2021 WCXTD022)。

摘　　要：广府、潮汕、客家三大民系使用的方言分属汉语粤方言、闽方言和客家方言。这三大民系方言不同,文化各异,孕育出各具特点的民歌。本文选取广府儿歌《月光光》、潮汕儿歌《月光歌》、客家儿歌《落水天》作为研究对象,采集音乐院校师生对这三首儿歌的清唱和念诵音频,采用人耳听辨和Praat语音软件相结合的方法,分析三首儿歌念诵声调、歌唱声调以及乐调之间的互动关系,得出以下结论:方言的声调特征对儿歌的音程跨度、曲调峰值范围、总体走向趋势有影响;音乐的类型和音阶选择影响曲调与字调贴合的程度。Different dialects and cultures give birth to different nursery rhymes with their own characteristics.Canton,Chaoshan and Hakka are mainly three ethnic groups in Guangdong province,and they use Cantonese,Fujian,and Hakka dialect respectively.This paper selects nursery rhyme Yueguangguang(Moonlight)from Canton,Yueguangge(Moonlight Song)from Chaoshan,and Luoshuitian(Rainy Day)from Hakka as examples.The study records the audios of the three nursery rhymes sung and read by teachers and students in music colleges,and then analyses the relations between the reading tones,singing tones and music melodies in each nursery rhyme by ears and Praat voice software.The conclusions are as followed:first,the tone characteristics of dialect have an influence on the interval span,melody range and general trend;second,the types and scales of music affect the degree of consonance between the melody and word tones.

关 键 词：广东儿歌 方言 声调 旋律 音高 

分 类 号：J607[艺术—音乐] H17[语言文字—汉语]