厚松散层薄基岩特厚煤层综放开采覆岩破坏特征研究  

Study on failure characteristics of overburden rock in fully mechanized caving mining of thick loose layer thin bedrock and extra thick coal seam

作　　者：韩永斌 HAN Yongbin(CCTEG Ecological Environment Technology Co,Ltd,Tianjin,300450,China)

机构地区：[1]中煤科工生态环境科技有限公司,天津300450

出　　处：《华北科技学院学报》2023年第4期23-28,共6页Journal of North China Institute of Science and Technology

基　　金：中煤科工生态环境科技有限公司科技创新基金资助项目(D206KGST0005)。

摘　　要：我国西部矿区的煤炭开采,具有煤层厚度大、基岩薄、开采强度大等特点,导致覆岩严重破坏,地表变形剧烈,出现地裂缝、台阶、塌陷等较大非连续变形,引发多种地质灾害并造成地表建筑物严重损坏。本文针对厚松散层薄基岩特厚煤层条件下,综放开采形成的覆岩破坏特征及下沉、地裂缝、台阶等的观测分析研究,得出了厚松散层薄基岩综放开采较常规条件开采,具有下沉系数大,下沉速度快,移动的初始期、活跃期更短,在开采边界内侧形成永久台阶的沉陷特点。揭示了工作面薄基岩伴随周期来压,在水平方向上形成动态压力拱,上覆岩层呈梯型断裂,发育至松散层内部,迅速传递至地表,形成台阶裂缝的覆岩破坏机理。该研究可为煤矿生产安全管理及地表垮塌灾害防控技术制定提供借鉴。The coal mining had the characteristics of large thickness of coal seam,thin bedrock,and large mining intensity in the western mining area of China,which led to serious destruction of overburden,severe surface deformation,large discontinuous deformation such as ground fissures,benches,and collapses,and caused a variety of geological disasters and serious damage to surface buildings.In this article,under the condition of thick loose layer,thin bedrock,and extremely thick coal seam,it has been concluded that the fully mechanized mining of thick and loose layers and thin bedrock had the characteristics of larger subsidence coefficient,faster subsidence speed,shorter initial and active periods of movement,and the formation of permanent steps on the inner side of the mining boundary compared to conventional mining conditions by analyzing and researching the characteristics of overlying rock failure and subsidence,ground fissures,steps and others formed by fully mechanized top coal caving mining.It revealed that the thin bedrock of the working face is subjected to periodic pressure,forming the dynamic pressure arch in the horizontal direction,and the overlying rock layer presented a ladder shaped fracture,which developed into the loose layer and quickly transmited to the surface,and the failure mechanism of step cracks is formed in the overlying rock.This study could provide reference for the safety management of coal mine production and the development of prevention and control technologies for surface collapse disasters.

关 键 词：开采沉陷 非连续变形 特厚煤层 岩移规律 变形监测 

分 类 号：TD325[矿业工程—矿井建设]