冬季晚熟柑橘果园的温湿度差异研究  

Temperature and Humidity Difference of Late-maturing Citrus Orchards in Winter

作　　者：周上铃 何发 张绩 陈品文 蒲成伟 周立 杨贵川 杜晓秋 ZHOU Shangling;HE Fa;ZHANG Ji;CHEN Pinwen;PU Chengwei;ZHOU Li;YANG Guichuan;DU Xiaoqiu(Fruit Research Institute,Nanchong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanchong,Sichuan 637000;Sichuan Guozhouyuan Agricultural Science and Technology Co.,Ltd.,Nanchong,Sichuan 637000)

机构地区：[1]南充市农业科学院果树研究所,四川南充637000 [2]四川省果州源农业科技有限公司,四川南充637000

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2023年第22期124-131,共8页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家现代农业(柑橘)产业技术体系南充综合试验站项目(CARS-26);国家产业技术体系四川省水果创新团队项目(sccxtd-2020-040)。

摘　　要：为摸清四川省南充地区晚熟柑橘在冬季时果园实际温度与气象温度的差异及关系,以及在不同的天气条件和防寒措施下小区域温湿度的变化及差异,探索和总结适宜当地、高效且安全的晚熟柑橘越冬技术。本研究在南充地区首次展开系统的田间试验,采取普通塑料薄膜、防寒布、单层果袋、外白内黄双层果袋等材料进行对比试验,监测各处理在不同天气条件下的温湿度变化,同时对果园温度及对应的气象温度进行对比观测。研究发现,在不同的天气条件下果园实际温度与气象温度均有一定差异,当气温较高尤其是晴天午间时果园温度高于气象温度,在低温天气如霜冻雨雪时果园实际温度低于气象温度。对果园实测温度与气象温度进行线性回归分析,得出嘉陵(T_(1))和西充(T_(2))2个试验点两者的关系表达式分别为T_(1)=1.458T_(Q)-3.114(R^(2)=0.931)(T_(Q)代表气象温度)和T_(2)=1.379T_(Q)-2.293(R^(2)=0.909),即当气象温度分别约为0.76℃和0.21℃时,两地果园的实际温度可能达-2℃,柑橘果实易遭受冻害。不同防寒措施及不同的天气条件下,塑料膜和防寒布对果园温度的保持和提升效果最好,防寒布还可明显减少低温出现的天数和单次持续时长,同时无论在何种天气条件下防寒布处理内的湿度变化幅度最小,内部环境相对稳定。就本研究结果来看,防寒布是南充地区晚熟柑橘冬季常规防护的最佳选择,建立果园实际温度与气象温度的线性关系模型对于晚熟柑橘越冬十分重要。The study aims to find out the difference and relationship between the orchard temperature and meteorological temperature of late-maturing citrus in Nanchong of Sichuan Province in winter,as well as the change and difference of temperature and humidity in small area under different weather conditions and cold prevention measures,and lay a foundation for exploring and summarizing suitable,efficient and safe overwintering technology of late-maturing citrus in Nanchong.In this study,a systematic field-test was carried out for the first time in Nanchong,which used common plastic film,cold-proof cloth,single-layer fruit bag,double-layer fruit bag with white outside and yellow inside to conduct comparative experiments.The temperature and humidity changes of each treatment under different weather conditions were monitored,and the orchard temperature and corresponding meteorological temperature were observed and compared.It was found that the orchard temperature and meteorological temperature had discrepancy under different weather conditions.When the meteorological temperature was high,especially at noon on a sunny day,the orchard temperature would be higher than the meteorological temperature,and when the meteorological temperature was low,such as under frost,rain and snow,the orchard temperature would be lower than the meteorological temperature.Through the linear regression analysis of the orchard temperature and meteorological temperature,the relationship expressions of Jialing(T_(1))and Xichong(T_(2))test points were T_(1)=1.458T_(Q)-3.114(R^(2)=0.931)(T_(Q)stands for meteorological temperature)and T_(2)=1.379T_(Q)-2.293(R^(2)=0.909),respectively.That was,when the meteorological temperature was about 0.76℃and 0.21℃in the two test points respectively,the orchard temperature would reach-2℃,and citrus fruits would suffer from freezing damage.Under different cold protection measures and different weather conditions,common plastic film and cold-proof cloth had the best effect on maintaining and improving orchard t

关 键 词：晚熟柑橘 越冬 气象温度 果园温度 防寒布 

分 类 号：S666[农业科学—果树学]