控水深度对土壤处理除草剂控草效应及‘甬优1540’水稻苗期分蘖的影响  

Effects of Water Control Depth on Herbicide Control in Soil Treatment and Tillering of'Yongyou 1540'Rice at Seedling Stage

作　　者：史骏 林乐志 陈宏宇 柴伟纲 谌江华 SHI Jun;LIN Lezhi;CHEN Hongyu;CHAI Weigang;CHEN Jianghua(Ningbo Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Ningbo,Zhejiang 315040)

机构地区：[1]宁波市农业科学研究院,浙江宁波315040

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2023年第22期138-143,共6页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：宁波市公益性研究计划项目“稻田杂草发生情况及除草剂减量增效技术研究与示范”(2019C10082)。

摘　　要：为探究控水深度对土壤处理除草剂的控草效果,及对籼粳杂交稻‘甬优1540’苗期分蘖的影响,以‘甬优1540’为供试水稻,30%苄嘧·丙草胺乳油为供试药剂,设置温室试验和大田试验,均以控水深度(1~9 cm)和是否施用除草剂为试验处理,分别研究温室条件下杂草播种后16~31 d内及大田条件下水稻移栽后16~31 d内,杂草发生量、水稻分蘖数和除草剂防效的变化。温室试验表明,控水深度越深,杂草发生量越低,但控水深度超过5 cm时,发生量减少不明显。大田试验表明,随着控水深度的增加,分蘖数呈现先增多后减少的趋势,控水深度5 cm分蘖最多;在施有除草剂的情况下,杂草发生量在移栽后的16~21 d,随着控水深度增加而持续减少,在26~31 d发生量在控水深度为5 cm处最小,随着水深增加或减小,发生量均有所增大;而在未施除草剂的情况下,杂草发生量随控水深度增加而减小。此外,除草剂在控水深度5 cm处防效最高,随着控水深度增加或减小,其防效均有所减小。本研究结果较为清晰地显示,在施用一次土壤封闭除草剂的情况下,采用控水深度5 cm的保水方式,可以将水层对抑制杂草发生、杂草防除及对水稻秧苗分蘖的综合效应最大化,该结果可为‘甬优1540’水稻得水分管理提供理论支持。To explore the effect of controlled water depth on weed control of soil-applied herbicides and its impact on tillering during the seedling stage of hybrid rice cultivar'Yongyou 1540',this study used'Yongyou1540'as the test rice,30%butachlor-propargyl emulsion as the test agent,and conducted greenhouse and field experiments.In both experiments,the treatments were arranged with controlled water depths(1-9 cm)and with or without herbicide application to investigate changes in weed occurrence,rice tillering,and herbicide efficacy between 16-31 days after weed sowing under greenhouse conditions and after rice transplanting under field conditions.The greenhouse experiment showed that the deeper the water depth,the lower the weed occurrence,but there was no significant reduction when the water depth exceeded 5 cm.The field experiment showed that as the water depth increased,tiller numbers first increased and then decreased;the maximum tiller number appeared at the water depth of 5 cm.Under herbicide application,weed occurrence continued to decrease from 16-21 days after transplanting as water depth increased.At 26 to 31 days,the occurrence was the smallest at a water control depth of 5 cm,and increased with the increase or decrease of water depth.Without herbicide application,weed occurrence decreased as water depth increased.Moreover,herbicide efficacy was highest at the water depth of 5 cm,and decreased when water depth increased or decreased.This study clearly demonstrated that using controlled water depth at 5 cm with soil-applied herbicide can maximize the combined effect of controlling weed occurrence,weed eradication,and improving the tillering of'Yongyou 1540'.These results provide theoretical support for water management in'Yongyou1540'rice varieties.

关 键 词：水稻 控水深度 分蘖 杂草发生量 防除效果 

分 类 号：S451.21[农业科学—植物保护]