圈养林麝饲用植物叶主要矿物元素含量特征与综合分析  

Forage Plant Leaves of Captive Forest Musk Deer(Moschus berezovskii):Characteristics and Comprehensive Analysis of Main Mineral Elements

作　　者：李斐然[1] 王永奇[1] LI Feiran;WANG Yongqi(Shaanxi Institute of Zoology,Xi’an 710032)

机构地区：[1]陕西省动物研究所,西安710032

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2023年第24期157-164,共8页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：陕西省科技厅农业一般项目“陕西圈养林麝关键遗传参数和雄麝早期选育研究”(2020NY-018)。

摘　　要：为了解林麝饲料矿物元素含量特征,丰富麝饲料成分及营养价值数据库。以林麝21种饲用植物叶为试材,采用主成分、聚类分析法对其8种主要矿物元素含量综合分析。结果显示:(1)矿物元素Ca(1.891±0.847)%、K(1.561±1.455)%、Mg(0.257±0.171)%、P(0.220±0.096)%、S(0.216±0.035)%、Fe(161.442±144.361)mg/kg、Zn(82.022±76.664)mg/kg、Cu(3.191±1.919)mg/kg。(2)提取累计贡献率达77.107%的前3个特征值>1的主成分,经方差最大化旋转,第一因子载荷系数P、K、S、Mg元素较高,第二因子Cu、Fe元素较高,第三因子Ca、Zn元素较高。(3)Q型样品聚为6类,R型指标聚为Zn、Ca、Cu和Fe、其余元素等4类。综上所述,S元素含量较稳定,Ca:P值(3.16:1~26:1)高于机体正常需要比例,Cu元素普遍性低,不能满足成体麝日需要量,Mg元素较丰富,Fe元素偏低,Zn、P元素部分不能满足;构建了主要矿物元素综合评价模型;第一因子参与麝体酸碱平衡、蛋白质代谢及激活多种酶,第二因子与多种氧化酶、组织呼吸、生物氧化及机体造血相关;第三因子体现神经传导、酶组分或激活等。The aims were to understand the characteristics of mineral element contents in forage plant leaves of forest musk deer,and enrich the database of feed composition and nutritive value.Using 21 kinds of forage plant leaves for captive forest musk deer(Moschus berezovskii) as test materials,8 mineral elements were analyzed by principal components(factors) and cluster analysis.The results showed that:(1) the average contents of mineral element were as follow:Ca(1.891±0.847)%,K(1.561±1.455)%,Mg(0.257±0.171)%,P(0.220±0.096)%,S(0.216±0.035)%,Fe(161.442±144.361) mg/kg,Zn(82.022±76.664) mg/kg,Cu(3.191±1.919)mg/kg.(2) The first three principal components(with eigenvalues>1) with a cumulative contribution rate of77.107% were extracted,after variance maximum rotation,the loading coefficients of the first factor P,K,S,and Mg were higher,the second factor Cu and Fe were higher,and the third factor Ca and Zn were higher.(3) Qtype analysis was clustered into 6 categories,while R-type analysis was clustered into 4 categories,including Zn,Ca,Cu and Fe,and other elements.In summary,the content of S was relatively stable,Ca:P value(from3.16:1 to 26:1) was higher than the normal requirement ratio of the body,the content of Cu was generally low,which couldn't meet the daily requirement of adult musk deer,Mg was rich,Fe was low,and Zn and P couldn't partly meet the requirement;the comprehensive evaluation model of main mineral elements was established;the first factor was involved in acid-base balance,protein metabolism,and activation of various enzymes in musk deer,the second factor was related to various enzymes,tissue respiration,biological oxidation,and hematopoiesis function;the third factor reflected neural conduction,enzyme components or activation,etc.

关 键 词：林麝 植物叶 矿物元素含量 主成分及聚类分析 综合评价 

分 类 号：S865.41[农业科学—野生动物驯养]