优化施肥对鄂西高山萝卜-甘蓝轮作体系产量、品质和养分利用率的影响  

Effects of optimized fertilization on yield,quality and nutrient use efficiency of alpine radish-cabbage rotation system in western Hubei Province

作　　者：周剑雄 田威 赵书军[1] 徐大兵[1] 韩伟 陈细桂 ZHOU Jian-xiong;TIAN Wei;ZHAO Shu-jun;XU Da-bing;HAN Wei;CHEN Xi-gui(Key Laboratory of Fertilization from Agricultural Wastes,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertilizer,Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Wuhan430064,China;Hubei Ecological Agriculture Co.,Ltd.,Wuhan430061,China;Soil and Fertilizer Station of Jiangxia District,Wuhan City,Wuhan430200,China)

机构地区：[1]农业农村部废弃物肥料化利用重点实验室/湖北省农业科学院植保土肥研究所,武汉430064 [2]湖北省生态农业有限公司,武汉430061 [3]武汉市江夏区土肥站,武汉430200

出　　处：《湖北农业科学》2023年第8期21-26,共6页Hubei Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：湖北省现代农业产业技术体系项目(HBHZD-ZB-2020-007)。

摘　　要：以常规施肥为对照,研究了鄂西高山地区不同施肥模式对萝卜(Raphanus sativus L.)-甘蓝(Brasscia oleracea L.)轮作体系产量、品质及养分利用率的影响。结果表明,与常规施肥对照相比,优化施肥和有机肥替代30%化肥氮处理萝卜产量分别增加了11.09%和38.59%,且除优化施肥处理的钾素回收利用率外,2个处理氮、磷、钾素的回收利用率、农学利用率、偏生产力和收获指数均不同程度增加。与常规施肥对照相比,优化施肥模式磷肥施用量减少了50.00%,钾肥施用量减少了16.67%,但甘蓝产量仅减少了1.68%,且除氮素农学利用率和偏生产力有所降低外,其他氮、磷、钾素养分利用率指标和收获指数均有所增加;与常规施肥对照相比,有机肥替代30%化肥氮甘蓝产量增加了4.49%,氮、钾素的回收利用率、农学利用率、偏生产力,磷素的农学利用率、偏生产力均有所增加。由此可知,优化施肥和有机肥替代30%化肥氮在提高鄂西高山萝卜-甘蓝轮作体系的产量及养分利用率方面效果显著。Different fertilization treatments were set up to study the effects of different fertilization modes on the yield,quality and nutrient utilization rate of the radish(Raphanus sativus L.)-cabbage(Brasscia oleracea L.)rotation system in the alpine region of western Hubei Province with conventional fertilization as control.The results showed that compared with the conventional fertilization control,the yield of radish increased by 11.09%and 38.59%in the treatment of optimized fertilization and organic fertilizer replacing 30%of chemical fertilizer nitrogen,respectively,and in addition to the recovery efficiency of potassium in the optimized fertilization treatment,the recovery efficiency,agronomic utilization rate,partial productivity and harvest index of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in the two treatments increased to varying degrees.Compared with the conventional fertilization control,the application amount of phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer in the optimized fertilization model decreased by 50.00%and 16.67%,respectively,but the yield of cabbage decreased by only 1.68%,and except for the decrease of nitrogen agronomic efficiency and partial factor productivity,the nutrient utilization efficiency indicators and harvest index of other nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium all increased.Compared with conventional fertilization,under the treatment of organic fertilizer replacing 30%of chemical fertilizer nitrogen,the yield of cabbage increased by 4.49%,the recovery and utilization rate,agronomic utilization rate and partial productivity of nitrogen and potassium,the agronomic utilization rate and partial productivity of phosphorus all increased.Therefore,the mode of optimized fertilization and the mode of organic fertilizer replacing 30%chemical fertilizer nitrogen had a significant effect on improving the yield and nutrient use efficiency of the alpine radish-cabbage rotation system in western Hubei Province.

关 键 词：萝卜(Raphanus sativus L.) 甘蓝(Brasscia oleracea L.) 优化施肥 产量 品质 养分利用率 鄂西 

分 类 号：S147.2[农业科学—肥料学] S631.1[农业科学—农业基础科学] S635