世界女子20公里竞走项目竞技实力的发展现状研究与演变趋势  

Research on the Development Status and Evolving Trends of Competitive Strength in World's Women's 20km Race Walk Event

作　　者：卢巧配 苑廷刚[1] 韩鹏鹏 刘嘉伟 侯金宝 吴雪青 冷欣 Lu Qiaopei;Yuan Tinggang;Han Pengpeng;Liu Jiawei;Hou Jinbao;Wu Xueqing;Leng Xin(China Institute of Sports Science,Beijing 100061,China)

机构地区：[1]国家体育总局体育科学研究所,北京100061 [2]北京体育大学,北京100084

出　　处：《体育科技文献通报》2023年第8期1-5,10,共6页Bulletin of Sport Science & Technology

基　　金：国家体育总局体育科学研究所基本科研业务费(项目编号:基本23-11课题)。

摘　　要：本文运用文献资料、帕累托分析、比较研究和数理统计等研究方法,全面审视当今世界女子20km竞走实力格局,剖析中国女子在四届世锦赛中的表现及存在的问题,提出我国女子20km竞走项目实力提升策略。研究结果:①从参赛规模和地理分布上看,世界女子20km竞走世锦赛发展规模陷入停滞阶段,参赛国家/地区、人数呈明显下降趋势;欧洲参赛人数位居第一,但波动大并有下降趋势,南美、北美和亚洲参赛人数相近,变化幅度较小;中、乌、意、西和澳5国占参赛国家/地区总数量的十分之一,但参赛人数占总人数的三分之一。前八名主要集中于亚欧地区,竞技实力格局呈现中国、意大利、巴西、日本鼎立局面;前八名和获奖牌国家/地区范围不断增加,竞争向多极化方向发展。②从年龄上看,世界女子20km竞走项目参赛运动员的总体年龄分布比例呈现两头小、中间大的“山峰”特点;前八名运动员平均年龄在27-28岁之间;女子20km竞走运动员年龄跨度为:其余运动员大于前八名、前八名大于前三名,我国女子20km竞走项目存在老将和后备人才尚未交接成功、老将有运动损伤、年轻选手有参赛经验不足等问题。③从比赛相关特征上看,与当年最好成绩相比有一定下降趋势;高水平竞走运动员的技术规范仍然存在问题,腾空时间过长依旧是我国优秀女子20km竞走运动员技术上的主要隐惠。Mainly using the literature method,Pareto analysis method,comparative research method and mathematical statistics method,a comprehensive examination of the current world's women's 20km race walk strength pattern was conducted,to analyze Chinese women's performance in the four World Championships and existing problems,and accordingly put forward related improvement strategies.Results:(a)In terms of the scale and geographical distribution of the competition,the development scale of the World Women's 20km Race Walk World Championships has stagnated,and the participating countries and the number of participants have shown a significant downward trend;Europe ranked first in terms of participants,but with large fluctuations and downward trends,with similar numbers of participants in South America,North America and Asia,with a small variation;China,Ukraine,Italy,Spain and Australia account for one-tenth of the total number of participating countries,but the number of participants accounts for one-third of the total number of participants.The top eight are mainly concentrated in Asia and Europe,and the competitive power pattern presents the situation of China,Italy,Brazil and Japan;The range of top eight and award-winning countries is constantly increasing,and competition is moving in a multipolar direction.(b)In terms of age,the overall age distribution ratio of the worlds womens 20km race walk athletes shows the characteristics of"two small ends and a large middle";Chinas womens 20km race walk veterans and reserve talents have not yet been successfully transferred,veterans have sports injuries,and young athletes lack experience in participating in the competition.(c)In terms of competition-related characteristics,there is a certain downward trend in terms of the best results of the year;There are still problems with the technical specifications of high-level race walkers,and the long time to vacate is still the main hidden danger in the techniques of Chinas outstanding womens 20km race walkers.

关 键 词：地理分布 年龄结构 比赛成绩 技术 速度节奏 竞技格局 世锦赛 

分 类 号：G821[文化科学—体育训练]