不同形态氮肥对薏苡产量构成因素及产量形成的影响  

Effects of Different Forms of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Yield Components and Yield Formation of Coix(Coix lacryma-jobi L.)

作　　者：唐伟杰 徐波 蔡黎 敖茂宏 丁宁 魏升华 TANG Weijie;XU Bo;CAI Li;AO Maohong;DING Ning;WEI Shenghua(College of Pharmacy,Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Guiyang 550025,China;Research Center for Modern Facility Cultivation of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Guiyang 550025,China;Institute of Subtropical Crops,Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Xingyi 562400,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州中医药大学药学院,贵州贵阳550025 [2]贵州中医药大学中药现代设施栽培研究中心,贵州贵阳550025 [3]贵州省农业科学院亚热带作物研究所,贵州兴义562400

出　　处：《云南农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2023年第4期652-658,共7页Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University:Natural Science

基　　金：贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合基础-ZK[2022]一般488);贵州省2022年大学生创新创业训练计划项目(S202210662006);贵州省中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(黔科中引地[2022]4016);贵中医博士启动经费([2020]29号)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究不同形态氮肥对薏苡产量构成因素及产量形成的影响,旨在为其高产高效栽培和理想株型构建提供理论依据。【方法】采用土壤盆栽试验,以贵州省薏苡主栽品种仁薏1号为供试材料,在相同施氮量(1.6 g/株)条件下设单施硝态氮(N_(1))、单施铵态氮(N_(2))、单施尿素(N_(3))和硝—铵态氮1∶1配施(N_4)处理,以不施氮为对照(CK),分别对薏苡光合作用参数、干物质积累与分配以及分蘖与分枝等产量构成因素进行测定,并对主要产量构成因素与产量间的相关性进行分析。【结果】施氮可显著增加薏苡茎粗、分蘖数和全株籽粒产量。抽穗期,N_(3)和N_(4)处理的薏苡叶片SPAD值和叶绿素a含量显著高于N_(1)处理。与N_(1)、N_(2)和N_(4)处理相比,N_(3)处理可显著增加薏苡干物质积累、分蘖数、生物产量(鲜质量)和全株籽粒产量。薏苡全株籽粒产量与一级分枝数、茎粗、一级有效分枝数、分蘖数、有效分蘖数等指标极显著正相关。【结论】单施尿素可增加薏苡茎粗、分蘖数和干物质积累,更有利于提高薏苡单株产量。[Purpose]To study the effects of different forms of nitrogen(N)fertilizer on the yield components and yield formation of coix,providing theoretical basis for improving coix cultivation and building ideal plant type.[Methods]Renyi No.1,a main cultivar of coix in Guizhou Province,were cultured in soil potting under supply with the same application amount of N(1.6 g/plant).Five treatments,including single application of nitrate N(N_(1)),single application of ammonium N(N_(2)),single application of urea(N_(3)),1∶1 combined application of nitrate and ammonium N(N_(4)),and no N fertilizer (CK) were set. The photosynthetic parameter, dry matter accumulation and distribution, yield components such as tillering and branching were measured, and the correlations between main yield components and yield in coix were analyzed. [ Results] Stem diameter, tiller number, and grain yield of whole plant were significantly increased with N application. The SPAD value and chloro-phyll a content of leaves treated with N_(3) and N_(4) were significantly higher than those with N_(1) treat-ment at heading stage. Compared with N_(1), N_(2) and N_(4) treatments, dry matter accumulation, tiller num-ber, biological yield (fresh weight) and grain yield of whole plant were significantly increased by N_(3) treatment. Grain yield of whole plant of coix was significantly positively correlated with primary shoot number, stem diameter, effective primary shoot number, tiller number and effective tiller number. [Conclusions]Single application of urea can increase stem diameter, tiller number and dry matter accumulation in coix, which is more beneficial to increase the yield per coix.

关 键 词：薏苡 氮肥形态 产量构成 光合作用参数 产量 

分 类 号：S519.062[农业科学—作物学]