砂姜黑土区周年麦玉轮作沼液替代对土壤养分及重金属积累的影响  

Effects of Biogas Slurry Replacement on Soil Nutrients and Heavy Metal Accumulation in Annual Wheat-maize Rotation in Shajiang Black Soil Area

作　　者：陈园园 豆红光 丁文金 陶斯娜 张海鹏[1] CHEN Yuanyuan;DOU Hongguang;DING Wenjin;TAO Sina;ZHANG Haipeng(College of Agriculture,Anhui Agricultural University,Hefei 230000,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽农业大学农学院,安徽合肥230000

出　　处：《云南农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2023年第4期684-693,共10页Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University:Natural Science

基　　金：2022年度支持平台建设协同创新项目(GXXT-2022-068)。

摘　　要：【目的】探讨砂姜黑土区周年麦玉轮作下沼液部分替代化学肥料对作物和土壤的养分和重金属累积的影响。【方法】设置空白对照(CK)、常规施肥(CF)、沼液+常规施肥减量40%(BRF)和缓控释肥(较CF减量20%,CRF)4种施肥处理开展田间试验,在小麦和玉米播种和收获时测定作物和土壤的养分和重金属含量。【结果】周年麦玉轮作,BRF和CRF处理可提高0~60 cm土层中的碱解氮和有机质含量,但对全氮含量的影响较小;CRF处理可提高土壤有效磷含量,BRF处理的土壤有效磷含量显著低于其他施肥处理。玉米季,CRF处理的土壤速效钾含量高于其他施肥处理;小麦季,BRF处理>20~60 cm土层中土壤速效钾含量显著高于其他施肥处理。麦玉两季各处理土壤Cu和Zn含量随着土层深度的增加而逐渐降低,BRF处理土壤Cu、Zn和As含量均未超过国家土壤环境质量二级标准,且麦玉两季作物籽粒中Cu、Zn和As含量未超过《国家粮食卫生标准》。【结论】周年麦玉轮作下,沼液+常规施肥减量40%不会增加作物和土壤重金属含量,沼液+常规施肥减量40%和缓控释肥能提高土壤地力水平。[Purpose]To investigate the effects of biogas slurry partial replacement of chemical fertilizer on the accumulation of nutrients and heavy metals in crops and soil under the annual wheat-maize rotation mode in Shajiang black soil area.[Methods]Field trials were conducted with blank control(CK),conventional fertilization(CF),biogas slurry+conventional fertilization reduction of 40%(BRF)and slow controlled release fertilizer(20%reduction of CF,CRF),and the accumulation of nutrients and heavy metals in crops and soil were measured when wheat and maize were sown and harvested.[Results]In annual wheat-maize rotation,BRF and CRF treatments increased soil alkali-hydrolytic nitrogen and organic matter contents in 0-60 cm soil layer but had little effect on soil total nitrogen;CRF treatment increased soil available phosphorus content,but the soil available phosphorus content under BRF treatment was significantly lower than other fertilization treatments.In maize season,the soil available potassium content under CRF treatment was higher than other fertilization treatments;in wheat season,the available potassium content at soil layer>20-60 cm under BRF treatment was significantly higher than that in other fertilization treatments.The contents of Cu and Zn in the soil treated in wheatmaize seasons gradually decreased with the increase of soil layer,the contents of Cu,Zn and As in the soil treated with BRF treatment did not exceed the national secondary standard of soil environmental quality,and the contents of Cu,Zn and As in the grain of wheat-maize seasons did not exceed the National Food Hygiene Standard.[Conclusion]Under the annual wheat-maize rotation,biogas slurry+conventional fertilization reduction of 40%should not increase the heavy metal content of crops and soil,biogas slurry+conventional fertilization reduction of 40%and slow controlled release fertilizer can increase the soil fertility level.

关 键 词：周年麦玉轮作 沼液 重金属 养分含量 

分 类 号：S344.1[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]