量子纠缠光纤陀螺的态演变和偏振互易性分析  

Analysis on state evolution and polarization reciprocity of quantum entangled fiber optic gyroscope

作　　者：张桂才[1] 冯菁 马林[1] 杨晔[1,2] ZHANG Guicai;FENG Jing;MA Lin;YANG Ye(Tianjin Navigation Instruments Research Institute,Tianjin 300131,China;Laboratory of Science and Technology on Marine Navigation and Control,CSSC,Tianjin 300131,China)

机构地区：[1]天津航海仪器研究所,天津300131 [2]中国船舶航海保障技术实验室,天津300131

出　　处：《中国惯性技术学报》2023年第8期823-831,共9页Journal of Chinese Inertial Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(62105307)。

摘　　要：量子纠缠光纤陀螺仪利用非经典光量子态的光子纠缠特性,对载体角运动引起的Sagnac相移进行超高灵敏度测量。Fink团队在2019年最早报道了基于共线型正交偏振纠缠光子对的量子纠缠光纤陀螺仪,得到突破散粒噪声极限的实验测量结果,但并未给出光量子态经历光纤陀螺各环节的具体演变过程。因此,针对Fink的光路结构,首次对量子纠缠光纤陀螺仪中量子态及算符的动力学演变以及相位检测灵敏度进行了理论分析,证实该光路结构基本上可达到2002态量子纠缠光纤陀螺仪的海森堡极限,同时研究发现,Fink的光路结构由于感生双折射引起的相位误差寄生在Sagnac相移中,实际上是一种偏振非互易性光路结构,会严重削弱相位检测灵敏度。基于此,设计了一种具有偏振互易性的量子纠缠光纤陀螺仪光路结构,光子源为非共线型自发参量向下转换(SPDC)产生的正交偏振纠缠光子对,线圈中的光量子态为i(1_(CCM-H))1_(CW-H)1_(CW-V))/√2理论研究证明,该结构不存在任何偏振非互易性相位误差。The quantum entangled fiber optic gyroscope makes use of the photon entanglement characteristics of non-classical quantum states to measure the Sagnac phase shift caused by the angular motion of the carrier with ultra-high sensitivity.In 2019,the Fink team first reported the quantum entangled fiber optic gyroscope based on collinear orthogonal polarization entangled photon pairs,and obtained the experimental measurement results that broke the shot noise limit,but did not provide the specific evolution process of optical quantum states through various stages of fiber optic gyroscopes.Therefore,focuses on Fink's optical path structure,the dynamic evolution of quantum states and operators and the sensitivity of phase detection in quantum entangled fiber optic gyroscope are analyzed for the first time.It is proved that the optical path structure can basically reach the Heisenberg limit of the quantum entangled fiber optic gyroscope with 2002 state in theory.Meanwhile,it is found that the optical path structure of Fink is actually a polarization nonreciprocal optical path structure,because of the phase error parasitizing in Sagnac phase shift and caused by the birefringence,which seriously weakens the phase detection sensitivity.In view of this,an optical circuit structure of quantum entangled fiber optic gyroscope with polarization reciprocity is designed.The photon source is an orthogonal polarized entangled photon pair generated by non collinear spontaneous parameter down conversion(SPDC),with a quantum state ofi(1_(CCM-H))1_(CW-H)1_(CW-V))/√2 in the coil.Theoretical research has shown that the structure does not have any polarization non reciprocity phase error.

关 键 词：量子纠缠光纤陀螺仪 偏振纠缠光子对 自发参量向下转换 偏振互易性 海森堡极限 

分 类 号：U666.1[交通运输工程—船舶及航道工程]