高强韧中锰钢在模拟黄河水沙冲刷下的磨蚀机理  

Erosion mechanism of high strength and toughness medium manganese steel under simulated scour of Yellow River water and sediment

作　　者：温庆桦 胡斌 吴文勇[2] 罗海文[1] Qinghua WEN;Bin HU;Wenyong WU;Haiwen LUO(School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China;Department of Irrigation and Drainage,China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100048,China)

机构地区：[1]北京科技大学冶金与生态工程学院,北京100083 [2]中国水利水电科学研究院水利研究所,北京100048

出　　处：《材料工程》2023年第9期87-96,共10页Journal of Materials Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51904028,51831002,52233018);中央高校基本科研业务费专项基金项目(06500151)。

摘　　要：通过MCF-30试验机模拟黄河水沙冲刷,研究高强韧复相中锰钢磨蚀失效机理及不同水泵材料的耐磨蚀性能与力学性能之间的关系。结果表明:微裂纹初期多在奥氏体/马氏体相界萌生,扩展后产生空蚀坑,在水沙冲刷下进一步破坏而形成更大尺寸的凹坑。同时相界面的增多导致耐磨蚀性能下降。随着温度的升高,中锰钢的奥氏体体积分数从16.4%上升到22.9%,质量损失速率从2.6 g·m^(-2)·h^(-1)增加至7.8 g·m^(-2)·h^(-1)。此外,研究对比中锰钢和现役抽黄泵叶轮材料的力学性能和磨蚀质量损失之间的关系,发现在不发生脆性断裂时,材料硬度越高,磨蚀质量损失越低;而当材料在水沙冲刷下发生塑性变形时,抗拉强度越高的材料抗磨蚀性能也越好;硬度相近时,改善材料的塑性、韧性,也有助于改善抗磨蚀性能。与现有叶轮材料相比,中锰钢在抗拉强度、加工硬化能力、硬度和韧性等各方面的综合性能更佳,因此有望在延长抽黄泵叶轮材料使用寿命方面具有较好的应用前景。The MCF-30 testing machine was used to simulate scour of Yellow River Water and Sediment,and the eroding mechanism of high strength and tough medium Mn steel and the relationship of the anti-abrasion performance and mechanical properties with several materials used for pump impeller were studied.The results show that the microcracking is often initiated at the interfaces of austenite and martensite and gradually develops into cavitation pits,the latter finally grows to much larger scale pits due to aggravated cavitation and damage caused by water and sediment impact.At the same time,the increase of phase interface leads to the decrease of the anti-abrasion performance.As the temperature increases,the austenite volume fraction of medium Mn steel increases from 16.4%to 22.9%,and the mass loss rate increases from 2.6 g·m^(-2)·h^(-1) to 7.8 g·m^(-2)·h^(-1).In addition,both mechanical properties and abrasion mass loss of studied medium Mn steel are compared with several metallic materials currently used in pump impeller of Yellow River.It was found that higher hardness leads to reduce erosion mass loss in the case of no occurrence of brittle macrocracking;when the materials undergo plastic deformation during scouring,ultimate tensile strength determines the anti-abrasion resistance;in the case of similar hardness,higher ductility and toughness may also improve abrasion resistance.Since the developed medium Mn steel has the better combination of tensile strength-work hardening ability-hardness-toughness than other materials currently used,it is expected to have a high potential of being used in pump impellor with prolonged life for the irrigation works of Yellow River.

关 键 词：中锰钢 力学性能 残余奥氏体 磨蚀机理 

分 类 号：TG142[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]