土壤溶解性有机质分子特征对不同来源有机肥分解的响应  

Molecular Characteristics of Soil Dissolved Organic Matter in Response to Decomposition of Organic Fertilizers from Different Sources

作　　者：陈丽铭 吴月颖 李财生 吴治澎[1] 黄成 吉恒宽 侯正伟 符传良 赵屹东[3] 吴蔚东[1] CHEN Liming;WU Yueying;LI Caisheng;WU Zhipeng;HUANG Cheng;JI Hengkuan;HOU Zhengwei;FU Chuanliang;ZHAO Yidong;WU Weidong(College of Tropical Crops,Hainan University,Haikou 570100,China;Institute of Agricultural Environment and Soil,Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Hainan Scientific Observation Station of Cultivated Land Conservation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas/Key Laboratory of Cultivated Land Conservation in Hainan Province,Haikou 571100,China;Soft X-ray Experimental Station,Institute of High Energy Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]海南大学热带作物学院,海口570100 [2]海南省农业科学院农业环境与土壤研究所/农业农村部海南耕地保育科学观测实验站/海南省耕地保育重点实验室,海口571100 [3]中国科学院高能物理研究所软X射线实验站,北京100049

出　　处：《土壤学报》2023年第4期1101-1112,共12页Acta Pedologica Sinica

基　　金：海南省基础与应用基础研究计划(自然科学领域)高层次人才基金项目(2019RC022);海南省自然科学基金(322MS017)资助。

摘　　要：从有机肥料中提取的溶解性有机质(DOM)可为不同的商业有机肥料的潜在应用提供新的见解。选用四种不同来源有机肥(生物质炭肥,WSB;羊粪有机肥,SM;海藻有机肥,SW;虾肽有机肥,SP)与昌化矿区周边土壤为研究材料,进行为期三个月的培养试验,采用多元光谱分析研究土壤DOM分子特征对有机肥分解的响应。与对照组相比,在培养过程中添加四种有机肥均增加土壤DOM的含量,WSB处理增加量最低,SW处理增加最高。激发发射矩阵结合平行因子分析(EEM-PARAFAC)表明培养过程中添加WSB提高了土壤DOM中类胡敏酸组分,减少了类富里酸组分;添加SM、SW和SP在0~45 d内降低了土壤DOM中微生物转化的类胡敏酸组分的比例而提高类富里酸组分,在45~90 d内增加难降解的类胡敏酸组分的比例。二维红外相关分析(2D-FTIR-COS)表明CK和SP处理中土壤DOM的芳香性或羧酸碳优先对分解时间发生响应;而添加WSB、SW和SM处理组中土壤DOM的烯烃或多糖类碳优先对分解时间发生响应;添加WSB和SP处理土壤提取液中也出现了Si-O-Al等土壤纳米矿物类官能团响应信号。碳近边X射线吸收精细结构(C 1s NEXAFS)分析结果表明:培养结束后,与未添加有机肥处理相比,WSB处理提高土壤DOM中含氧脂肪族碳组分比例,而减少芳香与酚类碳比例;SW处理主要增加了芳香碳、羰基碳的比例,而减少了脂族碳和氧烷基碳含量;SM、SP处理增加了酚类碳、芳香碳以及脂族碳比例,减少了羧基碳、氧烷基碳和羰基碳比例。本研究结果可增强对不同来源有机肥分解影响土壤DOM分子特征的了解,对于评估土壤中施用商品有机肥料的生态环境效应至关重要。【Objective】Dissolved organic matter(DOM)derived from organic fertilizers may provide new insights into the potential applications of different commercial organic fertilizers.【Method】Herein,four different sources of organic fertilizers(biochar,WSB;sheep manure,SM;seaweed,SW;shrimp peptide,SP)with soils around the Changhua mine site were used to carry out a three-month incubation experiment.The subsequent effect of organic fertilizer amendment on molecular characteristics of soil DOM was investigated using multivariate spectral analysis.【Result】Compared to the control,soil DOM concentrations significantly increased in response to organic fertilizers amendment during the whole incubation period,exhibiting the lowest increment in WSB treatment and the highest increment in SW treatment,respectively.The excitation-emission matrix with parallel factor(EEM-PARAFAC)showed that WSB increased the proportion of humic-like fluorophore of soil DOM while fulvic acid-like fluorophore decreased during the whole incubation period.Also,SM,SW and SP amendments lowered the proportion of microbially-transformed humic-like fluorophore and increased the proportion of fulvic-acid like fluorophore during 0-45 days,but increased the proportion of refractory humic-like fluorophore during 45–90 days.Two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy analysis on Fourier-transform infrared(2D-FTIR-COS)spectroscopy revealed that aromatic/carboxylic acid groups of soil DOM in the control and SP treatments and alkene/polysaccharide groups in the added WSB,SW and SM treatments had the fastest responses over time,respectively.In addition,Si-O-Al signals from soil nano-minerals functional groups exhibited a distinct response over time in the added WSB and SP treatments.The carbon near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure(C 1s NEXAFS)analysis showed that compared to control,the added WSB increased the proportion of oxygenated aliphatic fractions but reduced aromatic/phenolic fractions of soil DOM after incubation.Also,SW increased the proportion

关 键 词：有机肥 土壤溶解性有机质 分子特征 多元光谱分析 

分 类 号：S158.5[农业科学—土壤学]