基于玉米膜下滴灌系统的药液扩散与除草效果研究  

Medicinal Liquid Diffusion and Weed Control Effect Based on Drip Irrigation System Under Maize Film

作　　者：郭致杰[1,2] 张海英 李建军[1,2] 徐生军 荆卓琼[1,2] 吕和平 GUO Zhijie;ZHANG Haiying;LI Jianjun;XU Shengjun;JING Zhuoqiong;LYU Heping(Institute of Plant Protection,Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou 730070,China;Tianshui Crop Pest Scientific Observation and Experiment Station,Ministry of Agriculture,Gangu,Gansu 741299,China;Potato Research Institute,Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省农业科学院植物保护研究所,兰州730070 [2]农业部天水作物有害生物科学观测实验站,甘肃甘谷741299 [3]甘肃省农业科学院马铃薯研究所,兰州730070

出　　处：《土壤学报》2023年第4期1183-1191,共9页Acta Pedologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1400200);兰州市科技计划项目(2021-1-174);甘肃省现代农业科技支撑体系区域创新中心重点科技项目(2021GAAS54)资助。

摘　　要：利用膜下滴灌系统,开展膜下滴灌土壤封闭式除草剂施用技术与田间杂草防除效果的关系研究,旨在探明滴灌系统应用除草剂的可能性,为玉米田间滴灌除草技术的合理应用及丰富滴灌施药理论提供科学依据。在三个不同滴灌带间距下,以三种方式滴施40%乙·莠悬乳剂,滴施后对不同分布区域土壤样品进行除草剂浓度检测,在杂草发生期调查防效。结果表明,施用后除草剂在土壤中的分布与滴灌带铺设间距无关,与末次施药后清水冲洗时间相关,冲洗时间越长乙草胺在土壤中的浓度越低,垂直沉降明显,径向扩散距离缩短。通过滴施,以滴灌清水15 min-滴灌药液30 min-滴清水冲洗5 min对杂草的株防效和鲜生物量防效最佳。本研究认为,覆膜玉米田随滴灌水施用土壤封闭除草剂是可行的,省时省工省力,可为玉米田早期杂草的防除提供新方法,实际应用中需要针对不同药剂类型和药剂性质开展实用技术优化研究。【Objective】This study aimed to explore the possibility of herbicide application in a drip irrigation system.To do this,the relationship between the application technology of soil closed herbicide and the control effect of weeds in the field were studied by using a drip irrigation system under film.【Method】Under three different drip irrigation belt spacing,40%ethyl atrazine emulsion was applied in three ways.After the drip application,the herbicide concentration in soil samples in different distribution areas was evaluated.In order to provide a scientific basis for rational application of drip irrigation weed control technology in a maize field and enrich drip irrigation application theory,the control effect was investigated in the stage of weed occurrence.【Result】The results showed that the distribution of herbicide in soil after it was applied was not related to the laying distance of drip irrigation belt,but was related to washing time of water after the last application.The longer the washing time,the lower the concentration of acetochlor in soil,the obvious vertical settlement,and the shorter the radial diffusion distance.Through drip application,the control effect of weed plant and fresh weight was the best after 15 min of drip irrigation,30 min of drip irrigation and 5 min of drip irrigation.【Conclusion】It is feasible to apply soil sealing herbicide with drip irrigation in a mulched maize field,which can save time,labor and energy,and provide a new method for early weed control in a maize field.Nevertheless,it is necessary to carry out practical technology optimization research according to different pesticide types and properties.

关 键 词：膜下滴灌 土壤封闭除草剂 施药技术 分布规律 除草效果 

分 类 号：S451.22[农业科学—植物保护]