生态环境损害赔偿制度适用范围的反思和厘定——兼论《民法典》生态环境损害赔偿条款  

Reflection and Determination of The Applicable Scope of Eco-environmental Damage Compensation System:Also on the Compensation Provisions of Eco-environmental Damage in The Civil Code

作　　者：王斐 朱昊 WANG Fei;ZHU Hao(School of Law,Shanxi University,Taiyuan 030006,China;People’s Procuratorate of Jiande City,Zheijiang Province,Hangzhou 311600,China)

机构地区：[1]山西大学法学院,山西太原030006 [2]浙江省建德市人民检察院梅城检察室,浙江杭州311600

出　　处：《经济问题》2023年第9期19-26,共8页On Economic Problems

基　　金：研究阐述党的十九届六中全会精神国家社会科学基金重大项目“建立健全自然资源资产产权制度研究”(22ZDA109)。

摘　　要：生态环境损害赔偿制度的适用范围是由国家政策由上而下强力推动产生,而非司法实践倒逼的结果。由《生态环境损害赔偿制度改革方案》创设的生态环境损害赔偿制度虽然在我国已经实施八年,但其适用范围仍然没有被学界和实务界厘清。实践中,生态环境损害赔偿制度的适用范围“有名无实”,规范手段和立法目的之间有矛盾。作为主要制度的生态环境损害赔偿磋商制度的适用范围包括重大环境污染事件引发的生态系统功能损失或自然生物因素的不利改变;生态环境损害赔偿诉讼这一民事赔偿诉讼只是一种民事救济手段。有关部门应当实事求是地运用该制度的有限功能,充分发挥该制度保护权利人财产权益、维护司法秩序的设计功能。该类诉讼制度的赔偿范围仅限于重特大环境污染事件造成的人身损害或与社会公共利益或国家利益相关的财产利益损害。The applicable scope of eco-environmental damage compensation system is the result of national policy,not judicial practice.Although the eco-environmental damage compensation system created by the“Ecoenvironmental damage compensation system reform program”has been implemented in our country for seven years,its scope of application has not been clarified by the academic and practical circles.In practice,the scope of application of eco-environmental damage compensation system is“Nominal”,and there is a contradiction between the normative means and legislative purposes.As the main system of the system,the scope of application of the consultation system of eco-environmental damage compensation is the loss of ecosystem function or the adverse change of natural biological factors caused by major environmental pollution events.Eco-environmental damage compensation litigation,a civil compensation litigation,is only a means of civil relief.The relevant departments shall Seek truth from facts the limited functions of the system and give full play to the designed functions of the sys⁃tem in protecting the property rights and interests of the obligee and maintaining judicial order.The compensation scope of this kind of litigation system is limited to the personal damage caused by the serious environmental pollu⁃tion events or the property damage related to the social public interest or the national interest.

关 键 词：生态环境损害 赔偿 适用范围 《民法典》 

分 类 号：F205[经济管理—国民经济]