新疆厚皮甜瓜裂果抗性及其生理特征分析  

Analysis of Cracking Resistance and Physiological Characteristics on Xinjiang Muskmelon

作　　者：范蓉 杨永[1] 李寐华[1] 张永兵[1] 伊鸿平[1] 胡国智[1] FAN Rong;YANG Yong;LI Meihua;ZHANG Yongbing;YI Hongping;HU Guozhi(Center of Hami Melon,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830091,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业科学院哈密瓜研究中心,乌鲁木齐830091

出　　处：《西北植物学报》2023年第7期1146-1157,共12页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

基　　金：新疆农业科学院青年科技骨干创新能力培养项目(xjnkq-2022011);财政部和农业农村部“国家现代农业产业技术体系资助”项目(CARS-25);新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发项目(2022B02002-3);新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项(2022A03004-5);海南省院士创新平台科研专项(吴明珠院士团队创新中心);新疆特色果蔬基因组研究与遗传改良重点实验室项目。

摘　　要：以种植于新疆农业科学院哈密瓜研究中心吐鲁番亚尔乡基地的20份新疆厚皮甜瓜品种为研究对象,在果实成熟期测定各品种裂果指数,裂果率、果皮及果肉矿物质元素含量、纤维素含量、半纤维素含量、过氧化物酶(POD)活性、多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性等,以筛选评价厚皮甜瓜抗裂果品种,明确影响厚皮甜瓜裂果的主要内在因子,为甜瓜的栽培生产与新品种选育提供理论支持。结果表明:(1)依据裂果指数将20份新疆厚皮甜瓜品种裂果抗性划分为5个等级,其中极抗裂等级3份,抗裂等级5份,较易裂等级5份,易裂等级4份,极易裂等级3份;(2)极易裂型中果皮含水量显著高于极抗裂和较易裂型,而其心糖含量显著低于极抗裂和较易裂型;果皮中Ca、Na、Mg、Fe元素含量显著高于果肉含量;极易裂型中PPO活性显著低于较易裂型,其POD活性显著高于极抗裂和较易裂型,其纤维素含量、半纤维素含量显著低于极抗裂型。(3)裂果抗性与果实心糖含量、纤维素含量、半纤维素含量存在显著正相关,与果皮含水量、果肉含水量、POD活性、K元素含量存在显著负相关。(4)甜瓜裂果性的主要影响因子有果皮含水量、果肉含水量、心糖含量、边糖含量、纤维素含量,果皮中的K、Ca、Mg、Na含量以及果肉的Na、Cu含量。研究发现,甜瓜‘黄梦脆’、‘K1028’、‘西州密17’为极抗裂品种,裂果率、裂果指数、心糖含量、果皮含水量、果肉含水量、纤维素含量、K含量可作为甜瓜裂果研究中的重要指标。In order to evaluate and screen muskmelon varieties with cracking resistance,we measured fruit cracking index and fruit cracking rate at mature stage of 20 Xinjiang muskmelon varieties planted in the base of Turpanya Yaer township,Center of Hami Melon,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences.At the same time,in order to elucidate internal factors associated with fruit cracking,we tested some physiological characteristics of these varieties fruit,including peroxidase activity(POD),polyphenol oxidase activity(PPO),mineral element contents,cellulose and hemicellulose contents,which would provide theoretically valuable information to cultivation and genetic enhancement of muskmelon.Results showed that:(1)All muskmelon varieties tested were divided into 5 scales on the base of fruit cracking index,in which 3 varieties were classified into extremely cracking resistance scale,5 into cracking resistance scale,5 into easier cracking scale,4 into easy cracking scale and 3 into extremely easy cracking scale.(2)Peel water content was significantly higher in varieties classified into extremely easy cracking(EEC)scale than in extremely cracking resistance(ECR)and easier cracking(EC)scale,while the heart sugar was significantly lower than that in extremely cracking resistance ECR and EC scale;four mineral elements contents,Ca,Na,Mg,and Fe were higher in fruit peel than that in fruit flesh significantly.PPO activity was significantly higher in varieties classified into EC scale than extremely easy cracking EEC scale,POD activity was significantly higher in varieties classified into extremely easy cracking EEC scale than that in extremely cracking resistance ECR and EC scale;cellulose and hemicellulose contents were significantly higher in varieties classified into extremely cracking resistance ECR scale than that in extremely easy cracking EEC scale.(3)Fruit cracking resistance showed significantly positive correlation with the contents of heart sugar,cellulose,and hemicellulose,and negative correlation with the contents of pee

关 键 词：厚皮甜瓜 裂果抗性 矿物质元素 纤维素 半纤维素 过氧化物酶 多酚氧化酶 

分 类 号：S652[农业科学—果树学]