禁牧封育对黄河源高寒草甸植被群落结构及土壤水分特征的影响  

Effects of Forbidden Grazing and Enclosure on Vegetation Community Structure and Soil Moisture Characteristics in Alpine Meadow of the Yellow River Source

作　　者：张铭洋 李小娟[3] 杨永胜[1,2] 王军邦 杨路存[1] ZHANG Mingyang;LI Xiaojuan;YANG Yongsheng;WANG Junbang;YANG Lucun(Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota,Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xining 810008,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100039,China;Qinghai Nationalities University,Xining 810007,China;Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西北高原生物研究所,中国科学院高原生物适应与进化重点实验室,西宁810008 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100039 [3]青海民族大学,西宁810007 [4]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所/生态系统网络观测与模拟重点实验室,北京100101

出　　处：《西北植物学报》2023年第7期1185-1197,共13页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金联合项目(U20A2006);国家自然科学基金面上项目(31971507);青海省科技厅基础研究项目(2019-ZJ-7073);中国科学院青年创新促进会项目(2022436);2021年度青海省“昆仑英才·高端创新创业人才”计划项目。

摘　　要：为探讨禁牧封育对黄河源高寒草甸生态系统的影响,研究选取玛沁高寒草甸作为对象,通过野外调查和室内试验,分析了禁牧封育对黄河源高寒草甸植被结构和土壤水分特征在不同禁牧封育条件下的变化情况。结果表明:(1)随着禁牧封育年限的延长,植被盖度和高度均呈增加趋势,物种多样性指数、丰富度指数和物种数呈先增加后稳定趋势,优势度指数先下降后稳定,均匀度指数变化不显著。就功能群而言,随封育年限增加,禾本科、豆科植物重要值占比呈逐步增加趋势,莎草类植物重要值占比呈先快速增加后趋于稳定的趋势,杂类草重要值占比明显下降。(2)随禁牧封育年限增加,地上生物量逐步增加,地下生物量和地上地下总生物量呈先增加后稳定趋势,禁牧封育对地下生物量的影响主要集中在0-20 cm。(3)禁牧封育对黄河源高寒草甸土壤容重、持水量及孔隙度的影响主要集中在表层(0-5 cm),随封育年限的增加,表层土壤容重呈先下降后稳定趋势,土壤饱和持水量、毛管持水量和田间持水量呈增加趋势,土壤毛管孔隙度和总孔隙度先增加后稳定,非毛管孔隙度无显著变化。与重度退化相比,封育5年样地0-5 cm土壤容重显著下降30.25%(P<0.05),饱和持水量、毛管持水量、田间持水量、毛管孔隙度和总孔隙度分别显著增加14.44%、18.36%、28.19%、18.36%、12.09%(P<0.05)。表明短期禁牧封育不仅有利于改善黄河源高寒草甸植被群落结构,而且能够增强该地区土壤水源涵养功能。In order to investigate the effect of forbidden grazing and enclosure on the alpine meadow ecosystem of the Yellow River source,this study selected the Maqin alpine meadow as the research object,and analyzed the changes of vegetation community structure and soil moisture characteristics of the alpine meadow of the Yellow River source under different forbidden grazing and enclosure conditions through field investigation and indoor experiment.The results showed that:(1)Vegetation cover and height increased with the extension of forbidden grazing and enclosure years.The species diversity index,Patrick index and species number increased and then stabilized with the extension of the closure period.The dominance index decreased and then stabilized,and the evenness index did not change significantly.In terms of functional groups,the importance of grasses and legumes increased gradually with the increase of closure years,the importance of sedge plants increased rapidly and then stabilized,and the importance of miscellaneous grasses decreased significantly.(2)The above-ground biomass gradually increased with the increase of closure years,and the below-ground biomass and total above-ground and below-ground biomass showed a trend of increasing first and then stabilizing.The effects of sealing measures on below-ground biomass were mainly concentrated in 0-20 cm.(3)The effects of forbidden grazing and enclosure on soil bulk,water holding capacity and porosity of alpine meadows in the Yellow River source were mainly concentrated in the surface layer(0-5 cm),with the increase of forbidden grazing and enclosure years,the surface soil bulk showed a trend of first decreasing and then stabilizing,the soil saturation water holding capacity,capillary water holding capacity and field water holding capacity showed an increasing trend,the soil capillary porosity and the total porosity showed a trend of increasing and then stabilizing,and the non-capillary porosity did not change significantly.Compared with the severe degradation,the 0-5

关 键 词：禁牧封育 植被群落 土壤水分特征 黄河源区 水源涵养功能 

分 类 号：S812[农业科学—草业科学]