新型冠状病毒流行前后儿科急诊感染性疾病谱的变化特征分析  

Analysis on the change characteristics of infectious diseases spectrum in pediatric emergency department before and after epidemic in novel coronavirus

作　　者：赵光远[1] 武洁[1] 王龙[1] 霍枫[1] 廖琨[1] 王荃[1] Zhao Guangyuan;Wu Jie;Wang Long;Huo Feng;Liao Kun;Wang Quan(Department of Emergency,Beijing Children's Hospital,Capital Medical University,National Center for Children's Health,Beijing 100045,China)

机构地区：[1]国家儿童医学中心、首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院急诊科,100045

出　　处：《北京医学》2023年第5期404-411,共8页Beijing Medical Journal

摘　　要：目的探讨新型冠状病毒(severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2,SARS-CoV-2)流行前后儿科急诊感染性疾病谱的变化特征。方法选取2019年1月20日至2022年7月31日首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院急诊内科就诊的患儿,根据就诊时间分为SARS-CoV-2流行前期(简称流行前期)和SARS-CoV-2流行期(简称流行期),分析流行前期及流行期儿童感染性疾病谱的变化情况。结果共纳入患儿94707例次,其中男55476例次,女39231例次,年龄29 d~18岁,平均(4.9±4.1)岁。流行前期就诊29590例次,其中感染性疾病发病率为54.8%(16203/29590);流行期就诊65117例次,感染性疾病发病率为42.4%(27645/65117)。与流行前期相比,流行期呼吸系统感染发病率减少了39.8%(其中肺炎减少56.9%,流行性感冒减少53.6%)、消化系统感染减少19.4%、中枢神经系统感染减少49.2%、泌尿系感染减少4.7%、其他感染减少26.3%。除泌尿系感染外,流行期各类型感染性疾病就诊人数占全年总就诊人数的比例均低于流行前期,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与流行前期相比,流行期第一年的一、二、三级应急响应时期感染性疾病分别减少了74.9%、60.9%、39.8%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);且流行期第一年呼吸系统和消化系统感染的冬季就诊高峰值明显减少;流行期中枢神经系统感染的夏季就诊高峰季消失。结论相比SARS-CoV-2流行前期,流行期呼吸道感染、消化道感染及中枢神经系统感染的发生率显著减少,可能与应急响应措施相关。Objective To explore the changing characteristics of infectious disease spectrum in pediatric emergency department before and after the epidemic of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2).Methods Children admitted to the emergency department of Beijing Children's Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University from January 20th,2019 to July 31st,2022 were selected,and were divided into pre-SARS-CoV-2 epidemic period(preepidemic period)and SARS-CoV-2 epidemic period(epidemic period)according to the admition time.The changes of infectious disease spectrum of children in pre-epidemic and epidemic period werd analyzed.Results A total of 94707 person-times were included,including 55476 male person-times and 39231 female person-times,aged from 29 d to 18 years,with an average of(4.9±4.1)years.There were 29590 visits in the pre-epidemic period,of which the incidence of infectious diseases was 54.8%(16203/29590).During the epidemic period,there were 65117 visits,and the incidence of infectious diseases was 42.4%(27645/65117).Compared with the pre-epidemic period,the incidence of respiratory system infection decreased by 39.8%(pneumonia and influenza decreased by 56.9%and 53.6%,respectively),digestive system infection decreased by 19.4%,central nervous system infection decreased by 49.2%,urinary system infection decreased by 4.7%,and other infections decreased by 26.3%.Except urinary tract infection,the proportion of all kinds of infectious diseases in the total number of patients in the epidemic period was lower than that in the pre-epidemic period,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Compared with the pre-epidemic period,the infectious diseases in the first,second and third emergency response periods in the first year of epidemic period decreased by 74.9%,60.9%and 39.8%respectively,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).In the first year of epidemic period,the peak value of winter treatment for respiratory and digestive system infections decreased signif

关 键 词：新型冠状病毒 流行 急诊 感染性疾病 疾病谱 儿科 

分 类 号：R725.1[医药卫生—儿科]