县域城镇化视角下第一代农民工返乡差异研究  

A Study on the Differences in the Return of First-Generation Migrant Workers to Their Hometowns under the Perspective of County Urbanization

作　　者：蔡弘 陈雨蒙 马芒[3] Cai Hong;Chen Yumeng;Ma Mang(Center for Urban Management,Anhui University of Architecture,Hefei,Anhui 230022;Institute of Sociology,Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences,Shanghai 200235;College of Social and Political Science,Anhui University,Hefei,Anhui 230601)

机构地区：[1]安徽建筑大学城市管理研究中心,安徽合肥230022 [2]上海社会科学院社会学研究所,上海200235 [3]安徽大学社会与政治学院,安徽合肥230601

出　　处：《重庆社会科学》2023年第8期75-90,共16页Chongqing Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“第一代农民工去向与生存状况”(18BRK016);安徽省高校杰出青年科研项目“乡村人口变动规律、结构困境与发展趋势研究”(2022AH020023)。

摘　　要：第一代农民工返乡问题揭示了中国农民工最终走向的一个可能。“家乡”的边界因务工经历和资本积累发生了拓展,超四成第一代农民工愿意返回老家地级市、县城或中心镇,“城里有房、老家有地”成为第一代农民工的普遍追求。他们返乡决策差异受到了不同程度的影响,具体表现为受教育水平较低、经济能力较弱、社会融入较差的第一代农民工选择返回“村域乡”;而年龄相对较小、教育水平越高、经济能力较好、社会融入能力稍强的第一代农民工会选择返回“城域乡”。身份认同、城市住房、乡村土地共同影响着第一代农民工返乡决策差异。构建良好的县乡关系,提升和完善县域公共服务供给能力,发挥县域“国家—社会”“城市—乡村”纽带作用,是实现新型城镇化与乡村振兴双重背景下第一代农民工“软着陆”的关键。The issue of first-generation migrant workers returning to their hometowns reveals a possible final destination for Chinese migrant workers.The boundary of"hometown"has been expanded due to labor experience and capital accumulation.44%of the first-generation rural migrant workers are willing to return to their hometowns in prefectural cities,county towns,or central towns,and"having a house in the city and land in their hometowns"has become a common pursuit of the first-generation rural migrant workers.The differences in their decisions to return to their hometowns have been affected to different degrees,specifically manifested in that the first-generation migrant workers with lower education level,weaker economic capacity and poorer social integration choose to return to the"village township",while the first-generation migrant workers who are relatively younger,with higher education level,better economic capacity and slightly stronger social integration capacity choose to return to the"city township".The first generation of rural migrant workers will choose to return to the"urban countryside".Identity,urban housing,and rural land together influence the differences in decision-making of first-generation rural migrant workers returning to their hometowns.Building a good relationship between the county and the countryside,upgrading and improving the public service supply capacity of the county,and giving full play to the role of the county as a"state-society"and"city-countryside"link are the key to realizing the new urbanization and rural revitalization.It is the key to realize the"soft landing"of the first-generation rural migrant workers under the dual background of new urbanization and rural revitalization.

关 键 词：第一代农民工 县域城镇化 返乡意愿 影响因素 

分 类 号：C912[经济管理]