性侵害未成年人犯罪中的刑法拟制问题研究  

Research on the Criminal Law Fiction in Sexual Offences against Juvenile Delinquency

作　　者：张勇[1] 周辉[1] Zhang Yong;Zhou Hui

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学

出　　处：《青少年犯罪问题》2023年第4期3-13,共11页Issues on Juvenile Crimes and Delinquency

摘　　要：在我国法律体系中,法律拟制本质上属于法律类推,两者分别侧重于立法和司法。司法解释中的拟制规范也属于法律拟制,刑法拟制规范包括立法拟制和司法拟制两种类型,后者并不违背罪刑法定原则,应予以肯定。我国有关性侵害未成年人犯罪的刑事立法和司法解释包含着拟制规范和注意规范,应注意将两者加以区分。刑法拟制是类型思维的具体表现,拟制构成要件与基本构成要件之间具有相当性和均衡性。性侵害未成年人犯罪的拟制构成类型主要包括三种:一是未成年人性自主决定与性健康保护法益的拟制类型,如性自主决定年龄阶段的设定、性侵害行为人主观“明知”的认定、未成年人性健康法益的分层保护等问题;二是负有照护职责人员性侵害犯罪的拟制构成,如受照护未成年人性自主决定的拟制保护、负有照护职责人员性侵害行为的拟制规范;三是强制猥亵他人、猥亵儿童犯罪的拟制构成,通过认识和把握对猥亵犯罪所侵害法益的拟制规范,可以将猥亵、强奸等相关罪名加以区别。新的司法解释明确规定了强奸、猥亵等性侵害未成年人犯罪的从重或加重处罚情节,包括奸淫幼女适用“较重的从重处罚幅度”的情形、强奸未成年人、奸淫幼女“情节恶劣”“在公共场所当众”性侵害未成年人的加重情节,都涵摄着刑法拟制规范,应在司法适用中针对其中拟制不当的情况加以限制。In China′s legal system,legal fiction essentially belongs to legal analogy,with the two focusing on the legislative and judicial fields respectively.Fiction norms in judicial interpretation also belong to legal fic⁃tion.Fiction norms in criminal law include legislative fiction and judicial fiction.The latter does not violate the Nulla poena sine lege,and should be affirmed.The criminal legislation and judicial interpretation of sexual as⁃sault on Juvenile delinquency in China contain the norms of fiction and attention,which should be distinguish⁃ed.Criminal law drafting is a specific manifestation of criminal type thinking,and there is equivalence and bal⁃ance between the drafting elements and the basic elements.The types of constitutive elements of the crime of sexual assault on minors mainly include:firstly,the types of constitutive elements of minors′sexual autonomy and legal interests in sexual health protection,including the setting of the age stage for sexual autonomy,the determination of the subjective"knowledge"of the perpetrator of sexual assault,and the layered protection of minors′legal interests in sexual health.The second is the composition of the crime of sexual assault committed by personnel responsible for care,including the protection of the voluntary decision-making of minors under care,and the standardization of sexual assault committed by personnel responsible for care.The third is the composition of the crime of compulsory indecent assault on others and children.By understanding and grasping the legal norms for the infringement of indecent crimes,relevant charges such as indecent assault and rape can be distinguished.The new judicial interpretation clearly stipulates the circumstances of heavier or heavier pun⁃ishment for sexual assault on Juvenile delinquency such as rape and indecency,including the situation where"heavier punishment range"applies to rape of young girls,and the aggravated circumstances of rape of minors and sexual assault on young girls"in bad circumstances"a

关 键 词：性侵害未成年人 刑法拟制 类型思维 拟制构成要件 拟制量刑情节 

分 类 号：D924.34[政治法律—刑法学]