被性侵未成年被害人国家司法救助的两种模式  

Two Models of State Access to Justice for Victims of Sexual Assault as Minors

作　　者：乐忠槐 Le Zhonghuai

机构地区：[1]广东省深圳市坪山区人民法院

出　　处：《青少年犯罪问题》2023年第4期33-44,共12页Issues on Juvenile Crimes and Delinquency

摘　　要：自我国建立国家司法救助制度以来,被性侵未成年被害人国家司法救助形成了两种救助模式。其中,传统的经济救助模式以解决被害人生活困难为中心,对特定被害人提供救助金;新兴的心理救助模式以被害人心理创伤疗愈为中心,引入专业机构对不特定被害人提供心理疏导、咨询和治疗。在确保救助有效性方面,两种救助模式各有其理念基础和制度优势,也各有局限。基于未成年人利益保护最大化的考量,两种模式应当并行不悖,以解决被性侵未成年被害人生活的急迫困难和心理创伤疗愈为核心,从探索前置性经济救助、弱化经济救助条件审查、注重心理救助的协同性和强化心理救助的家庭支持系统等方面进行优化衔接,实现优势互补。Since the establishment of the national judicial assistance system in China,the national judicial assistance for minor victims of sexual assault has formed two assistance models.Among them,the traditional economic assistance model is centered on solving the victims' living difficulties and providing assistance to specific victims;the emerging psychological assistance model is centered on healing the victims′ psychological trauma and introducing professional institutions to provide psychological guidance,consultation and treatment to unspecified victims.In terms of ensuring the effectiveness of rescue,each model has its own conceptual basis and institutional advantages,as well as its own limitations.Based on maximizing the protection of minors' interests,the two models should work in parallel to solve the urgent difficulties in life and psychological trauma healing of the sexually abused minor victims,and optimize the connection from exploring the frontal economic assistance,weakening the review of economic assistance conditions,focusing on the synergy of psychological assistance and strengthening the family support system of psychological assistance to achieve complementary advantages.

关 键 词：司法救助 被性侵未成年被害人 经济救助 心理救助 

分 类 号：D926[政治法律—法学] D922.183