日本《少年法》新修正述评——以青年制度的增设为中心  

Commentary on the New Revision of Japan′s Juvenile Law:Focusing on the Establishment of a Youth System

作　　者：刘芷函 Liu Zhihan

机构地区：[1]西南医科大学

出　　处：《青少年犯罪问题》2023年第4期147-160,共14页Issues on Juvenile Crimes and Delinquency

基　　金：四川省犯罪防控中心科研项目“域外罪错未成年人分级处遇制度研究”(项目编号:SZ21B168)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：兼顾犯罪少年的成熟度和行为责任,以最合适处分帮助他们自立更生,是少年司法的重点问题。2021年日本《少年法》新修正针对既有民事法律成人地位又有可塑性的18岁、19岁的青年层少年增设了一个青年制度,并就该类别少年适用虞犯规定、逆送制度、保护处分、实名报道的规定、刑罚的特例等设立专章予以规定。这些修改的内容大体上实现了确保现行制度有效和适应新的法秩序等在犯罪对策法上的目标,但在保障家庭裁判所的教育机能、限制刑事司法的扩张和有利于青年层少年社会复归上,还存在进一步调整的余地。Striking a balance between the maturity and accountability of juvenile offenders and providing them with the most suitable measures for rehabilitation and self-reformation is a key issue in juvenile justice.In 2021,the new amendment to the Japanese Juvenile Law introduced a youth system targeting young individuals aged 18 and 19,who possess both adult legal status and flexibility.This youth system establishes specific provisions for this group of individuals,including regulations on pre-offense measures,diversion programs,protective measures,real-name reporting,and exceptional penalties.These amendments overall aim to ensure the effectiveness of the existing system and adapt it to the new legal order in terms of crime prevention strategies.However,further adjustments are needed to guarantee the educational functions of family courts,limit the expansion of criminal justice,and facilitate the reintegration of young offenders into society.

关 键 词：日本法修正 少年司法 青年制度 犯罪对策 

分 类 号：D931.3[政治法律—法学] DD912.7