塔克拉玛干沙漠和戈壁沙漠春季沙尘暴特征及其气象影响因素对比  

Comparative study on the characteristic of spring sandstorms and the related meteorological factors of the Taklimakan Desert and Gobi Desert

作　　者：李亚云 成巍 王宁 李欣 高睿 Yayun Li;Wei Cheng;Ning Wang;Xin Li;Rui Gao(Beijing Institute of Applied Meteorology,Beijing 100029,China;State Key Laboratory of Geo-Information Engineering,Xi'an 710054,China;Urumqi No.8 Middle School,Urumqi 830002,China)

机构地区：[1]北京应用气象研究所,北京100029 [2]地理信息工程国家重点实验室,陕西西安710054 [3]乌鲁木齐市第八中学,新疆乌鲁木齐830002

出　　处：《中国沙漠》2023年第4期1-9,共9页Journal of Desert Research

基　　金：地理信息工程国家重点实验室自主课题(SKLGIE2021-ZZ-6);第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目(2019QZKK0105)。

摘　　要：利用2007—2021年多源环境、气象和卫星遥感资料,对比分析塔克拉玛干沙漠和戈壁沙漠春季沙尘暴事件的时空特征,以及导致这种差异的气象影响因子和环流背景。结果表明:(1)塔克拉玛干沙漠沙尘暴频次多于戈壁沙漠,且多发生在塔克拉玛干沙漠中东部,戈壁沙漠则多发生在中国内蒙古西部和蒙古国中南部;(2)东西向地面冷锋系统为塔克拉玛干沙漠沙尘暴的主要影响系统,且500 hPa高度距平场上亚洲东部中高纬度地区总体呈西低东高形势;南北向地面冷锋系统为戈壁沙漠沙尘暴的主要影响系统,且500 hPa高度距平场上亚洲东部低纬到高纬地区上空高度场异常呈“-+-”的分布;(3)塔克拉玛干沙漠春季沙尘暴的发生与当地前冬降水量显著负相关,与地面温度呈显著正相关;戈壁沙漠春季沙尘暴事件的发生与当地前冬降水量正相关,与地面温度负相关,但不显著。In this study,we used multi-source environmental,meteorological and satellite remote sensing data from 2007 to 2021 to analyze the spatial-temporal characteristic of spring sandstorms and the related meteorological influences of the Taklimakan Desert and Gobi Desert.The results show that:(1)The frequency of spring sandstorms in Taklimakan Desert is much stronger than that in Gobi Desert,but it mostly occurs in the east-central Taklimakan Desert,and it mostly occurs in the western part of Inner Mongolia and the south-central Mongolia in Gobi Desert.(2)The east-west cold front is the main influence system in Taklimakan Desert,and the 500 hPa geopotential height anomaly is generally low in the west and high in the east in mid-high latitude in eastern Asia;The south-north cold front is the main influence system in Gobi Desert,and the 500 hPa geopotential height anomaly over the low latitude to high latitude areas in eastern Asia is“-+-”.(3)Spring sandstorms in Taklimakan Desert has the significantly negative correlation with the local pre winter precipitation and the significantly positive correlation with the ground temperature;Spring sandstorms in Gobi Desert are positively correlated with the local pre winter precipitation and are negatively correlated with the ground temperature,but the correlations are not significant.

关 键 词：春季沙尘暴 环流背景 塔克拉玛干沙漠 戈壁沙漠 气象影响 

分 类 号：P429[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]