黄土高原北部风蚀区防风固沙服务时空分异及驱动因素  

Spatio-temporal differentiation and driving factors of windbreak and sand fixation services in wind erosion area of the northern Loess Plateau

作　　者：王金凤 刘小玲 李庆[2] 王仁德[2] 王盛 Jinfeng Wang;Xiaoling Liu;Qing Li;Rende Wang;Sheng Wang(School of Geographical Science,Shanxi Normal University,Taiyuan 030000,China;Institute of Geographical Sciences/Hebei Engineering Research Center for Geographic Information Application,Hebei Academy of Sciences,Shijiazhuang 050011,China)

机构地区：[1]山西师范大学地理科学学院,山西太原030000 [2]河北省科学院地理科学研究所/河北省地理信息开发应用工程技术研究中心,河北石家庄050011

出　　处：《中国沙漠》2023年第4期220-230,共11页Journal of Desert Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42077069);国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFF0305905);山西省基础研究计划项目(202103021223248,202203021211258);河北省科学院科技计划项目(23107,22103)。

摘　　要：黄土高原北部是黄河流域土壤风蚀典型区,评估防风固沙服务对黄河流域生态安全屏障建设具有重要意义。基于京津风沙源治理工程效益评价中的风蚀模型估算黄土高原北部风蚀区固沙量,定量评估2000—2020年防风固沙服务,并结合土地利用、植被覆盖度与气候变化分析其驱动机制。结果表明:(1)2000—2020年黄土高原北部风蚀区年均固沙量5.52亿t,年际变化总体呈减少趋势,平均变化率-0.12 t·hm^(-2)·a^(-1);而防风固沙服务保有率以每年0.50%的速率增加,研究区植被防风固沙服务增强。空间分布上榆林北部风沙区、宁夏东部风沙区、甘肃庆阳、毛乌素沙地中南部及沙地北部达拉特旗植被防风固沙服务有所增强。(2)草地是控制土壤风蚀、发挥防风固沙作用的主要土地利用类型。荒漠化逆转与退耕还草明显增强了防风固沙能力,草地退化将造成固沙服务显著减弱。(3)风速是引起黄土高原北部风蚀区防风固沙服务变化的主要驱动因子,植被恢复对库布齐沙漠和毛乌素沙地等关键区域的防风固沙起到了不可忽视的作用。The wind erosion area in the northern Loess Plateau is the typical area of soil wind erosion in the Yellow River Basin.Evaluating windbreak and sand fixation services is of great significance for the construction of ecological security barrier in the Yellow River Basin.Based on the wind erosion model in the benefit evaluation of the Beijing-Tianjin sandstorm source control project,the amount of sand fixation in wind erosion area of the northern Loess Plateau was estimated,windbreak and sand fixation services were quantitatively evaluated from 2000 to 2020,and the driving mechanism was analyzed in combination with land use,vegetation coverage and climate change.The results showed that:(1)From 2000 to 2020,the annual average amount of sand fixation in wind erosion area of the northern Loess Plateau was 5.52×10^(8) t,and presented a decreasing trend,with the average change rate of-0.12 t·hm^(-2)·a^(-1).However,the retention rate of windbreak and sand fixation services increased at a rate of 0.50%·a^(-1),showing an upward trend.The windbreak and sand fixation services of vegetation in study areas were enhanced.In terms of spatial distribution,windbreak and sand fixation services of vegetation were enhanced in northern Yulin,eastern Ningxia,Qingyang,the central and southern parts of Mu Us Sandy Land and Dalad Banner in the northern sandy land.(2)Grassland is the main land use type on controlling soil wind erosion and playing the role of windbreak and sand fixation.Desertification reversal and conversion of farmland to grassland significantly improved windbreak and sand fixation services,while grassland degradation will significantly weaken sand fixation services.(3)Wind speed is the main driving factor for the change of windbreak and sand fixation services in wind erosion area of the northern Loess Plateau.Vegetation restoration plays an important role in windbreak and sand fixation for the key regions,such as Kobq Desert and Mu Us Sandy Land.This study will provide reference for the construction of aeolian sand c

关 键 词：防风固沙 防风固沙服务保有率 风蚀模型 黄土高原 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学]