中国北方干旱半干旱区植被-气候响应关系特征  

The vegetation-climate quantitative relationship and characteristics in arid and semi-arid region of northern China

作　　者：尤其 许宝荣[1] 邹松兵[1] 秦艺豪 王铎 于冬 Qi You;Baorong Xu;Songbing Zou;Yihao Qin;Duo Wang;Dong Yu(College of Earth and Environmental Sciences/Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China;School of Electronic and Information Engineering,Lanzhou Jiaotong University,Lanzhou 730070,China;New Energy Industry Division,Jiuquan Iron&Steel(Group)Co.,Ltd.,Jiayuguan 735100,Gansu,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州大学资源环境学院/西部环境教育部重点实验室,甘肃兰州730000 [2]兰州交通大学电子与信息工程学院,甘肃兰州730070 [3]酒泉钢铁(集团)有限责任公司新能源产业事业部,甘肃嘉峪关735100

出　　处：《中国沙漠》2023年第4期274-287,共14页Journal of Desert Research

基　　金：甘肃省科技重大专项(21ZD4FA008,20ZD7FA005);兰州大学“双碳”计划专项(lzujbky-2021-sp70);甘肃省发展和改革委员会重大项目(2018HTBA00807)。

摘　　要：气候变化背景下干旱区植被的时空分布及变化特征,是区域植被恢复和国家自然保护区建设等亟需研究的关键生态环境问题。在建立中国北方干旱半干旱区潜在植被分类及对Holdridge生命地带模型进行修正和拓展的基础上,结合中国气象模拟数据(1981—2020年),引入植被面积转移矩阵、Kappa系数和平均中心模型等方法,对中国北方干旱半干旱区气候要素进行分析并实现了潜在植被定量识别和空间分布格局模拟。结果显示:40年间年降水量、年平均生物温度和可能蒸散率总体均呈上升趋势,研究区存在暖干化现象;研究区共出现6种潜在植被类型,在不同年代际均呈地带性分布;温带荒漠植被、温带草本植被和温带森林植被是主要植被类型,共占总覆盖面积约71%;温带森林植被的面积总体增长最快,平均每10年增加1.1%,温带荒漠植被减少最快,平均每10年减少1.3%;相邻年代际间,各类潜在植被的面积转换关系较为稳定,差别在于转换程度;山地森林植被、温带荒漠植被和温带森林植被的平均中心总体偏移距离大于50 km,除温带荒漠植被,其他植被的平均中心总体均往西移。The spatiotemporal distribution and variation of vegetation in arid region are one of the key ecological issues that need to be studied urgently in regional vegetation restoration and national nature reserve construction under climate change.In terms of the establishment of the classification of potential vegetation in the arid and semi-arid areas of northern China and the improved HLZ model,combined with the meteorological simulation data of China(1981-2020),the vegetation area transition matrix,Kappa coefficient and mean center model were introduced to analyze the climatic elements of the arid and semi-arid areas of northern China and realize the quantitative identification of potential vegetation and the simulation of spatial distribution pattern.The results showed that:Mean annual bio-temperature,average total annual precipitation and potential evapotranspiration ratio showed an overall upward trend in the past 40 years,indicating that there was a warming and drying phenomenon in study area;Six potential vegetation types emerged in the study area,which had a good zonal distribution in different decades.Temperate desert vegetation,temperate herbaceous vegetation and temperate forest vegetation were the main vegetation types,totally accounting for 71 percent of coverage area;The area of temperate forest vegetation increased the fastest,at a rate of 1.1%per decade,while temperate desert vegetation decreased the fastest,at a rate of 1.3%per decade;Between adjacent decades,the area conversion relationship of all kinds of vegetation was relatively constant,and the disparity lay in the degree of conversion;The average shift distance of mean center of montane forest vegetation,temperate desert vegetation and temperate forest vegetation was more than 50 km.Except temperate desert vegetation,the mean center of other vegetation generally moved westward.

关 键 词：干旱区 Holdridge生命地带模型 气候变化 潜在自然植被 时空变化 

分 类 号：Q948.2[生物学—植物学]