眼与心:我们如何通眼达心——交互敏感心灵假说  

Eye and Mind: How Do We Access Other Minds Through Eyes——A Mutually Sensitive Mind Hypothesis

作　　者：陈巍 CHEN Wei

机构地区：[1]绍兴文理学院心理学系,浙江绍兴312000 [2]中国人民大学哲学与认知科学交叉平台,北京100080

出　　处：《福建师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2023年第4期32-47,170,171,共18页Journal of Fujian Normal University:Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“他心直接感知的神经哲学进路研究”(21BZX005)。

摘　　要：沿袭现象学传统的直接社会感知理论严肃挑战了读心研究的不可观察性原则,但一直缺少与认知心理学实验设计与理论解释进行对话,并辩护“直接性何以可能”的实例。考察“眼睛”这一器官在直接通达他心(或社会认知)上扮演的角色有助于澄清这个问题。以“读眼识心”测试为例,现象学洞见批判了该测试预设的读心两阶段论带入了感知外推理。将身体、眼睛与知觉交流的洞见与凝视信息假说、合作眼睛假说等比较心理学证据整合起来,有望形成一种交互敏感心灵观,赋予眼之“心”功能。眼睛具有超越物理的现象学功能,这使得凝视或目光交换成为一种不可还原的现象学现实,从而实现知觉交流。最终,在本体论层面,混合心灵所具有的身体表达性奠基了我们在行动中看见彼此心灵的可能性。Theories of direct social perception in the phenomenological tradition have seriously challenged the unobservability principle in mind-reading research.However,these theories have lacked dia logue with cognitive psychology experimental designs and theoretical explanations,and have defended examplesof“how directness is possible”. The choice of the role of the“eye”organ in directly accessingother minds ( or social cognition) helps to clarify this issue. In the case of“The Reading the Mind in theEyes Test”,for example,phenomenological insight critically brings into extra-perceptual reasoning thetwo-stage theory of mindreading presupposed by the test. Together with comparative psychological evidencesuch as the gaze-signaling hypothesis and the cooperative eye hypothesis,these insights aroundbody,eye,and perceptual communication promise a view of mutually sensitive mind that gives the eye a“mentality”function. The phenomenological function of the eye beyond the physical makes gaze or gazeexchange an irreducible phenomenological reality that enables perceptual communication. Ultimately,atthe ontological level,the bodily expressions of the hybrid mind ground the possibility of seeing eachother's minds in action.

关 键 词：不可观察性 直接社会感知 眼睛 凝视 交互敏感心灵 现象学比较心理学 

分 类 号：B08[哲学宗教—哲学理论]