从《学位条例》到《学位法》:中国学位授权审核的法治化进路  

From the Academic Degree Regulations to the Academic Degree Law:the legalization approach of China′s academic degree authorization examination

作　　者：姚荣 YAO Rong(Institute of Higher Education,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200062,China)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学高等教育研究所,上海200062

出　　处：《高校教育管理》2023年第5期54-67,共14页Journal of Higher Education Management

基　　金：国家社会科学基金(教育学)青年课题(CIA230318)。

摘　　要：长期以来,学位授权审核的法治化路径一直是学界和实务界关注的重要议题。为了化解学位授权审核“非法治化”的困境,学界形成了国家学位制度框架下的变革与调适以及从国家学位制度转向大学学位制度两种截然不同的观点。理性务实的观点是在秉持国家学位制度的前提下汲取大学学位制度的价值,以彰显对学术自治的尊重。学位授权审核制度的“许可化”改造有助于推动学位授权审批工作从“指标管制”向“许可法定”转变,以实现学术自治与行政监督的平衡。从法治政府建设的角度而言,我国学位授权审核的法治化亟待统筹规范主义与功能主义两种改革进路。前者聚焦国务院学位委员会、省级学位委员会以及学位授予单位等法律主体行政法律关系的厘清,旨在明确学位授权审核中各方权利和义务的边界;后者基于受国家规制的学术自我规制原则,旨在构建基于风险与标准的新型监管机制,形塑学位授权审核的规制治理网络,以促进政府规制效能与学位授予单位自主治理能力的协同提升。For a long time,the legalization of the degree authorization review has been an important topic in the academic and practical community.In order to resolve the dilemma of"illegalization"of degree authorization review,academy has formed two completely different viewpoints:the reform and adjustment within the framework of the national degree system,and the transition from the national degree system to the university degree system.A rational and pragmatic point of view is that on the premise of adhering to the national degree system,the value of the university degree system should be absorbed to demonstrate the respect and protection of academic autonomy.Through the"permission-based"transformation of the degree authorization review system,the degree authorization approval work will be transformed from"indicator control"to"permission statutory",so as to achieve a balance between academic autonomy and administrative supervision.From the perspective of government construction under the rule of law,the legalization of degree authorization review in China urgently needs to coordinate the two reform approaches of prescriptivism and functionalism.The former focuses on the clarification of the administrative-legal relationship among legal entities such as the Academic Degrees Committee of the State Council,the provincial academic degree committees,and degree-granting units,aiming to clarify the rights and obligations of all parties involved in the degree authorization review;the latter is based on"academic self-regulation regulated by the state"principle,aims to build a new regulatory mechanism based on risks and standards,and forms a regulatory governance network for degree authorization review so as to promote the synergistic improvement of government regulatory effectiveness and degree-granting units′autonomous governance capabilities.

关 键 词：法治政府 国家学位制度 学位授权审核 行政许可 规制法 

分 类 号：G640[文化科学—高等教育学]