“德”“才”之辩:论魏晋时期九品中正制的原初合理性  

“Morality”or“Ability”:On the Original Rationality of the Nine-Rank System in the Wei and Jin Dynasties

作　　者：康晓[1] 赵子辰 Kang Xiao;Zhao Zichen(College of International Relations,Beijing Foreign Studies University,Beijing 100089)

机构地区：[1]北京外国语大学国际关系学院,北京100089

出　　处：《沈阳师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第5期69-75,共7页Journal of Shenyang Normal University(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目(22YJA850008)。

摘　　要：九品中正制是中国古代政治的三大选官制度之一,上承两汉重“德”“孝”的察举制,下启隋唐以“才”“学”为标准的科举制,在历史上有着承上启下的存在合理性。开明的魏武帝曹操率先打破汉末的察举制桎梏,开启了“唯才是举”的选官先河,而魏文帝曹丕则将兼重“德”“才”的九品中正选官制度定于一尊,其存在近四百年之久。九品中正制在其创立之初,打破出身的界限,缓和了豪族与寒族在为官入仕方面的矛盾,选拔出了真正意义上的德才兼备的官员,适应了历史潮流,有着一定的积极作用。Nine-Rank System,as one of the three government election systems in ancient Chinese politics,has not only inherited the“morality”“filial piety”-oriented election system of the Han Dynasty,but also exerted influence on the“talent”and“learning”-oriented imperial examination of the Sui and Tang Dynasties for selecting officers.It has certain historical rationality in Chinese ancient history.Emperor Wu of Wei Cao Cao,was the first one who had broken the blockade of the corrupt election system in the late Han Dynasty,starting to select officials based on their abilities.His son,Emperor Wen of Wei Cao Pi,established the“morality”“talent”-oriented Nine-rank system as the national political system for selecting officials,which lasted for nearly 400 years.At its establishment,the conflict between the noble class and the humble class running for official positions was not only alleviated,a great number of officials with both ability and virtue were selected working for the country.During that period,it guaranteed the stability of the country and played a positive role in the history of China.

关 键 词：九品中正制 起源 合理性 

分 类 号：D691.4[政治法律—政治学]