从区域社会经济史到历史人类学--华南宗族研究的理论进路及实践反思  

From regional socio-economic history tohistorical anthropology:Theoretical approach and practical reflection on the study of Lineage in south China

作　　者：陈海斌[1,2] CHEN Haibin(GanNan Normal University,Center of Wang Yangming Studies,Jiangxi Ganzhou,341000 P.R.China;Research Center for Chinese Social History,Shanxi University,Shanxi Taiyuan,030006 P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]赣南师范大学王阳明研究中心,江西赣州341000 [2]山西大学中国社会史研究中心,山西太原030006

出　　处：《重庆大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第4期137-152,共16页Journal of Chongqing University(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大招标项目“多卷本全球客家通史”(17ZDA194);江西省社会科学基金项目“清代江西地方健讼问题与基层社会治理研究”(20LS10)。

摘　　要：新时期华南宗族研究的主要取径有三,即区域社会经济史的取径、人类学取径和历史人类学的取径。前者主要受到中国社会经济史学的深刻影响,鲜明地表现于明清时期闽粤地区的宗族研究中。人类学的宗族研究,接续了20世纪上半期功能主义和社区研究的学术传统,注重区域社会文化变迁的探讨,并形成重视地方社会与国家关系的论述、引入社会史的方法,将共时性的结构研究和历时性的社会变迁研究紧密结合起来的特点。20世纪90年代以来,华南地区的明清宗族研究逐渐超越区域社会经济史的研究视野,与区域社会史相互交融、渗透,发展出历史人类学的研究范式。这一取径是在充分总结前两者经验的基础上,从理论和实践结合的层面对之所作的更为自觉的推进。新时期中国华南宗族研究受到的西方学术思潮影响,主要来自弗里德曼的华南宗族理论和施坚雅的区域体系理论,以及年鉴学派史学的相关理论和方法。因而特别注重社会科学方法的运用,历史学与人类学理论、方法的结合,并在区域研究的视野下探讨区域社会发展的内在机制。由此,便形成了宗族研究与区域社会研究紧密结合的特点。纵观此期的华南宗族研究,明显地形成两个基本趋势:一是历史学与人类学方法逐渐汇流,进而发展出历史人类学的研究趋势;二是宗族研究与区域社会研究的互动,注重区域社会内部普同性和差异性的探讨。而这两个趋势也同样体现在华北、江南、徽州等区域社会的研究当中,并成为区域社会研究发展的主流趋势。There are three main approaches to the new period of South China lineage studies,that is,the approach of regional socio-economic history,the approach of anthropology,and the approach of historical anthropology.The former is mainly deeply influenced by Chinese socio-economic historiography,and is clearly manifested in the study of the lineage in Fujian and Guangdong during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.Anthropology lineage studies continue the academic tradition of functionalism and community studies in the first half of the twentieth century,focusing on the discussion of regional social and cultural changes,and forming a method of emphasizing the relationship between local society and the state,introducing social history,and integrating synchronicity.The characteristics of the close combination of structural research and diachronic social change research.Since the 1990s,the Ming and Qing lineage studies in South China have gradually surpassed the research horizon of regional socioeconomic history,blended and penetrated with regional social history,and developed a research paradigm of historical anthropology.This approach is a more conscious advancement from the level of combining theory and practice on the basis of fully summing up the experiences of the first two.The study of lineage of South China in the new era has been deeply influenced by Western academic thoughts,especially the theory of lineage of Freedman in South China and regional system theory of G.William Skinner,as well as the theory and method of Annales School’s historiography.Therefore,special attention should be paid to the application of social science method,the combination of history and anthropological theories and methods,and the internal mechanism of regional society development from the perspective of regional research.Thus,the characteristics of close integration between lineage research and regional society research have been formed.Throughout this period,there are obviously two basic trends in the study of lineage in South China.One is

关 键 词：华南宗族研究 区域社会经济史 人类学 历史人类学 区域社会研究 

分 类 号：K820.9[历史地理—历史学] F129[经济管理—世界经济]