结核分枝杆菌及结核疫苗新作用方式的研究  

Research on new modes of action of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and tuberculosis vaccines

作　　者：王瑞欢 李马超[1] 李桂莲[1] 刘海灿[1] 万康林[1] WANG Rui-huan;LI Ma-chao;LI Gui-lian;LIU Hai-can;WAN Kang-lin(State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control,National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 102206,China)

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心传染病预防控制所,传染病预防控制国家重点实验室,北京102206

出　　处：《中国人兽共患病学报》2023年第8期797-804,共8页Chinese Journal of Zoonoses

基　　金：“十三五”传染病重大专项(No.2018ZX10731301-002)。

摘　　要：结核病主要是由结核分枝杆菌引起的传染性疾病,是严重威胁人类健康的重大公共卫生问题。目前,卡介苗仍是唯一被批准应用于人体的预防性疫苗,其对婴幼儿具有较好的保护效果,但对成年人的保护作用存在巨大争议。巨噬细胞和树突状细胞吞噬结核分枝杆菌之后,启动适应性免疫应答,活化的效应性CD4(+)和CD8(+)T细胞通过释放细胞因子和细胞毒作用发挥免疫效应。然而,结核分枝杆菌可通过抑制吞噬溶酶体形成、改变代谢途径、抑制抗原提呈等作用发生免疫逃逸,使其在宿主体内长期存在。近年来,随着多组学的发展,针对结核分枝杆菌感染免疫机制的研究有了一定的进展,但通过接种疫苗对结核病进行防控的结果依然不尽人意。本文重点探讨了结核分枝杆菌和宿主之间的免疫反应以及逃逸机制,并概述了结核疫苗的研发情况,有助于我们利用结核菌感染的免疫学知识对结核病疫苗进行快速高效的研发。Tuberculosis(TB),an infectious disease caused mainly by Mycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb),remains a serious public health problem.BCG is currently the only prophylactic vaccine approved for use in humans;although it provides adequate protection in infants and children,its protective effects in adults are controversial.After phagocytosis of Mtb by macrophages and dendritic cells,the adaptive immune response is initiated,and activated effector CD4(+)and CD8(+)T cells exert immune effects by releasing cytokines and cytotoxicity.However,Mtb causes immune escape by inhibiting the formation of phagocytic lysosomes,altering metabolic pathways,and inhibiting antigen presentation,thus perpetuating its presence in the host.In recent years,with advances in multi-omics,research on the immune mechanism of Mtb infection has progressed,but the results on TB prevention and control through vaccination remain unsatisfactory.This article focuses on the immune response and escape mechanism between Mtb and the host,and outlines the development of TB vaccines,to facilitate the application of immunological knowledge of Mtb infection in the rapid and efficient TB vaccine research.

关 键 词：结核分枝杆菌 免疫机制 免疫逃逸 疫苗 

分 类 号：R378.91[医药卫生—病原生物学]