脉冲火花放电等离子体能源转化的现状和挑战  

Current Status and Challenges of Energy Conversion in Pulsed Spark Discharge Plasma

作　　者：张帅[1] 章程[1,2] 邵涛 ZHANG Shuai;ZHANG Cheng;SHAO Tao(Beijing International S&T Cooperation Base for Plasma Science and Energy Conversion,Institute of Electrical Engineering,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院电工研究所,等离子体科学和能源转化北京市国际科技合作基地,北京100190 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《石油学报（石油加工）》2023年第5期963-976,共14页Acta Petrolei Sinica(Petroleum Processing Section)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52077205);国家杰出青年基金项目(51925703);中国科学院青年创新促进会项目(2022136)资助。

摘　　要：“3060双碳”目标约束下,预计2050年中国以风能、水电、太阳能为主要能源的可再生电力占比将超过60%,直接利用可再生电力制备化学品将成为重要发展趋势。基于可再生电力驱动等离子体技术的能源转化是最具可能性的潜在途径之一,多种气体放电形式的低温等离子体能源转化技术颇受关注。概述了脉冲火花放电等离子体在固氮、CO_(2)转化、CH_(4)裂解、高碳烃裂解等多种能源转化反应中的应用进展和技术难题,探讨了快脉冲放电中引导气体击穿机制、气体快速加热机制、通道膨胀效应、链式自由基化学反应等物理化学过程,并提出了利用等离子体诊断手段(条纹相机、场致激光二次谐波,激光诱导荧光、相干反斯托克斯拉曼散射等)和耦合模拟仿真方法(PIC-MCC、流体、反应动力学模型)揭示高能电子、发光图像、空间电场、关键自由基和振动态的演化过程。Targeting at the"3060"carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals,it is expected that more than 60%of the renewable electricity will be generated by wind,hydropower or solar energy by 2050.Direct use of renewable electricity to produce chemicals will become an important development trend.Energy conversion based on renewable electricity driven plasma technology is one of the most potential ways.Besides,the low temperature plasma energy conversion technology with various gas discharge forms has attracted much attentions.The paper summarizes the application progress and technical problems of pulsed spark discharge plasma in various energy conversion reactions,such as nitrogen fixation,CO_(2) conversion,CH_(4) pyrolysis,pyrolysis of high carbon hydrocarbons,explores the physicochemical processes such as guided gas breakdown mechanism,gas rapid heating mechanism,channel expansion effect and chain free radical chemical reaction in fast pulsed discharge,and proposes the evolution process of revealing the high energy electron,luminescence image,space electric field,key free radicals and vibrational states by use of the plasma diagnostic methods(steak camera,electrical field induced laser second harmonic,laser induced fluorescence,and coherent anti-stokes Raman scattering)and simulation methods(PIC-MCC,fluid and kinetics models).

关 键 词：低温等离子体 脉冲放电 氧化固氮 CO_(2)/CH_(4)干重整 CH_(4)裂解 

分 类 号：TE62[石油与天然气工程—油气加工工程]