纯水和液氮中金属丝电爆炸与等离子体气泡特性实验研究  

Experimental Study on the Characteristics of Electrical Wire Explosion and Plasma Bubbles in Pure Water and Liquid Nitrogen

作　　者：冯娟 白洁 袁伟[1] 王芝 韩若愚 FENG Juan;BAI Jie;YUAN Wei;WANG Zhi;HAN Ruoyu(State Key Laboratory of Mechatronics Engineering and Control,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081,China;School of Physics,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]北京理工大学机电动态控制重点实验室,北京100081 [2]北京理工大学物理学院,北京100081

出　　处：《石油学报（石油加工）》2023年第5期1153-1161,共9页Acta Petrolei Sinica(Petroleum Processing Section)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52277134,51907007)资助。

摘　　要：金属丝电爆炸能有效地将电能转化为机械能(冲击波和等离子体气泡),在化石能源开发等领域取得了成功应用。为明确不同液体中金属丝电爆炸等离子体气泡行为,搭建可变环境金属丝电爆炸实验平台与诊断系统,通过改变电容充电电压,获得不同储能下kA量级和μs时间尺度的脉冲电流,驱动直径为50μm的铜丝电爆炸。通过测量负载电压、回路电流以及拍摄高速阴影图像,对放电瞬态过程进行诊断和分析。结果表明:不同系统储能或负载规格下,液体中金属丝电爆炸存在非周期型放电、周期型放电以及电流暂停放电3种模式;与纯水(蒸馏水)介质相比,液氮中电爆炸具有更高的电压峰值(平均高约6%)、功率峰值(平均高约14%)。纯水中等离子体气泡脉动过程受系统储能和负载规格影响,系统储能从2 J增大至10 J时,气泡最大径向半径从约9.4 mm增大至约18.6 mm,第一脉动周期从约1.6 ms增长至约2.6 ms,气泡能量从约0.4 J增大至约2.3 J,气泡能量效率相对稳定,为18%~25%;相同储能下增加金属丝长度,最大径向半径逐渐缩短。储能2.5 J下,液氮气泡第一脉动周期比纯水中长约0.6 ms,最大径向半径约为纯水中气泡的1.17倍,在气泡收缩阶段,液氮气泡收缩速度慢,最小收缩半径约为纯水中气泡的1.53倍。Electrical wire explosion technique can effectively convert electrical energy into mechanical energy(shock wave and plasma bubble),and has been successfully applied in the field of fossil energy development.To clarify the plasma bubble behavior during electrical wire explosion in different liquids,An experimental platform and diagnostic system for electrical wire explosion with variable environment was built,on which pulse currents of kA magnitude andμs time scale under different energy storage can be obtained by changing the capacitor charging voltage to drive the electrical explosion of copper wire with a diameter of 50μm.The transient process of discharge was diagnosed and analyzed by measuring the load voltage,loop current and taking high-speed shadow images.The experimental results show that under different system energy storages or load specifications,there are three discharge modes of electrical wire explosion in liquids,i.e.aperiodic discharge,periodic discharge and current pause discharge.Compared with pure water(distilled water)medium,electrical explosion in liquid nitrogen has a higher voltage peak(about 6%higher on average)and a power peak(about 14%higher on average).The pulsation process of plasma bubbles in pure water is affected by the system energy storages and load specifications.When the system energy storage is increased from 2 J to 10 J,the maximum radial radius of the bubbles is increased from about 9.4 mm to about 18.6 mm,the first pulsation period is from about 1.6 ms to about 2.6 ms,the bubble energy is from about 0.4 J to about 2.3 J,and the bubble energy efficiency is relatively stable at 18%—25%.The maximum radial radius is gradually decreased with the increasing length of metal wire under the same energy storage.Under stored energy 2.5 J,the first pulsation period of liquid nitrogen bubble is about 0.6 ms longer than bubbles in pure water,and the maximum radial radius is about 1.17 times that of the bubbles in pure water.In the bubble contraction phase,the liquid nitrogen bubble co

关 键 词：金属丝电爆炸 冲击波 等离子体气泡 脉冲放电 液相放电 

分 类 号：TM89[电气工程—高电压与绝缘技术]