不同鹦哥绿豆品种荚果形成规律及经济性状研究  

Study on Pod Formation and Economic Characters of Different Yingge Mungbean Varieties

作　　者：任红晓 高运青 李姝彤 郑丽珍 赵芳 尚启兵 徐东旭 REN Hongxiao;GAO Yunqing;LI Shutong;ZHENG Lizhen;ZHAO Fang;SHANG Qibing;XU Dongxu(Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Gaocheng District,Shijiazhuang 052160,China;Hebei Zhangjiakou Academy of Agyicultural Sciences,Hebei Zhangjiakou 075000,China)

机构地区：[1]石家庄市藁城区农业技术推广中心,石家庄052160 [2]张家口市农业科学院,河北张家口075000

出　　处：《耕作与栽培》2023年第4期34-38,共5页Tillage and Cultivation

基　　金：国家食用豆产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-08-Z02);河北省体系食用豆岗位编号(HBCT2023050205);河北省食用豆技术创新中心资助项目(SG2019041)。

摘　　要：为研究鹦哥绿豆荚果形成规律及经济性状情况,以冀北近十年来最新选育的鹦哥1号、鹦哥2号和鹦哥5号绿豆为试验品种,对花后鹦哥绿豆荚长、荚宽、豆荚干重、荚皮干重、籽粒干重、豆荚含水率和经济性状等指标的变化规律进行研究,分析鹦哥绿豆荚果形成过程中荚皮和籽粒干物质分配指数以及籽粒灌浆速率变化情况。结果表明,鹦哥绿豆在籽粒形成过程中荚长和荚宽为先增长后基本保持平稳的趋势;籽粒含水率一直呈不断下降趋势,荚皮干物质分配指数不断下降,而籽粒干物质分配指数呈不断上升趋势,鹦哥2号籽粒灌浆速率呈“慢-快-慢”的变化曲线,花后25 d达到最大值,而鹦哥1号和鹦哥5号籽粒灌浆速率呈“慢-快”的变化曲线,在开花后20 d达到最大值。通过产量三因素测定分析表明,3个品种单株荚数、单荚粒数及产量存在极显著差异,而中鹦哥2号与鹦哥5号百粒重差异不显著,但两品种与鹦哥1号存在极显著差异。因此,对于优质、抗病生育期略短的品种,应注重花后10~15 d前后的肥水管理,而对于鹦哥2号这类长荚大粒品种,应注重花后15~20 d前后的肥水管理,起到保根护叶提荚增粒促灌浆的作用,以实现绿豆产业的节本增效高产。In order to study the pod-forming law and economic characteristics of Yingge mung bean,taking Yingge1,Yingge2 and Yingge5 mung bean varieties newly selected in the past ten years in northern Hebei as the test varieties,to study the changes of pod length,pod width,pod dry weight,pod skin dry weight,seed dry weight,pod water content and economic characteristics of parrot mung bean after flowering,and analyzed the changes of dry matter distribution index and grain filling rate of pods and seeds of Yingge mung bean during pod formation.The results showed that pod length and pod width increased rapidly at first and then maintained a stable growth trend during the process of mung bean grain formation;kernel moisture has been declining,dry matter distribution index of pod skin declined continuously,the distribution index of dry matter in grains was increasing,the grain dry matter distribution index increased continuously,the grain filling rate of Yingge2 showed a slow-fast-slow curve,and the maximum value was reached 20 days after flowering.Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant correlation among pods per plant,grains per pod and yield of the three varieties,the no significant difference between Yingge2 and Yingge5 in 100-grain weight,two varieties and Yingge1 had very significant difference.Therefore,for varieties with high quality,disease resistance and short growth period,paid attention to fertilizer and water management before and after 10-15 days after flowering,for the variety Yingge2,attention should be paid to the management of fertilizer and water around 15-20 days after flowering,it plays the role of root protection,leaf protection,pod lifting,grain increasing and grouting promotion,so as to make the mung bean industry cost saving,efficiency increasing and high yield.

关 键 词：鹦哥绿豆 荚果形成规律 经济性状 

分 类 号：S522[农业科学—作物学]