微塑料在中国近海的污染现状及其生物毒性和防控建议  

Status of Microplastic Pollution in the Offshore of China and Its Biotoxicity and Control Suggestions

作　　者：黄辉 HUANG Hui(Zhejiang Marine Fisheries Research Institute,Zhoushan 316021,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江省海洋水产研究所,浙江舟山316021

出　　处：《海岸工程》2023年第3期207-217,共11页Coastal Engineering

基　　金：浙江省科学技术厅院所项目(HYS-CZ-202321)。

摘　　要：微塑料作为一种新型污染物,对生态环境和人类健康产生危害,引起国内外学者高度关注。近海是微塑料的主要汇集区域之一,面临微塑料污染的巨大威胁。为了解中国近海微塑料的污染现状及微塑料对海洋生态系统的危害,本文综合分析了近年微塑料在近海水体和沉积物中的污染状况及微塑料生物毒性的研究进展。结果表明,中国近海海水和沉积物中微塑料污染分别处于中低度和中度水平。同时研究发现,微塑料对海洋生态系统中的多种生物种类如浮游生物、底栖生物和游泳生物等均具有毒性作用,具体表现在对海洋生物的摄食、循环系统、免疫系统和生殖系统等造成伤害。针对目前微塑料的污染水平和研究现状,本文提出部分防控和研究建议以供参考。As a new type of pollutants,microplastics is harmful to the ecological environment and human health and thus has attracted great attention from scholars at home and abroad.The offshore waters is one of the main collection areas of microplastics and faces a huge threat of microplastic pollution.To understand the status of microplastic pollution in the offshore of China and the hazards posed by microplastics to marine ecosystems,the pollution status of microplastics in the offshore waters and sediments and the studies of microplastic biotoxicity in recent years are analyzed comprehensively.The results indicate that the microplastic pollution in the offshore waters and sediments of China is in a state of medium-to-low and moderate degrees,respectively.It is meanwhile found that the microplastics has toxic effects on multiple biological species in marine ecosystems,such as planktons,benthos and swimming organisms,being shown specifically by harm to the feeding,circulatory,immune and reproductive systems of marine life.According at the current pollution level and research status of microplastics,some prevention and control and research suggestions are put forward for reference.

关 键 词：微塑料 污染现状 生物毒性 防控建议 中国近海 

分 类 号：X55[环境科学与工程—环境工程]