基于ERA5的几内亚湾及邻近海域波浪能空间分布和变化趋势  

Spatial Distribution and Changing Trends of Wave Energy in the Gulf of Guinea Based on ERA5

作　　者：刘威[1,2] 王广生 时健 LIU Wei;WANG Guangsheng;SHI Jian(Key Laboratory of Coastal Disaster and Defence(Hohai University),Ministry of Education,Nanjing 210024,China;College of Harbor,Coastal and Offshore Engineering,Hohai University,Nanjing 210024,China;China Harbor Engineering Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100027,China)

机构地区：[1]海岸灾害及防护教育部重点实验室(河海大学),江苏南京210024 [2]河海大学港口海岸与近海工程学院,江苏南京210024 [3]中国港湾工程有限公司,北京100027

出　　处：《海岸工程》2023年第3期253-262,共10页Coastal Engineering

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费项目(B200202064)

摘　　要：利用欧洲中期天气预报中心(European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts,ECMWF)提供的ERA5再分析资料,分析了西非几内亚湾及邻近海域1979—2020年间的能流密度空间分布、季节特征和多年变化趋势。结果表明:①该地区的波浪能呈现出西南高、东北低的由海向陆衰减态势。波浪能季节分布差异明显:夏季的波浪能主要呈现出南北向分布差异,能流密度值较大,而冬季的波浪能主要呈现出东西向分布差异,能流密度值较小,春秋季作为过渡季节,量值和分布介于两者之间。②研究海域多数地区的波浪能均呈现出显著的增长态势,增速大值中心位于海域东南角,每年约增加0.06 kW·m^(-1),增长速度由东南向西北逐渐衰减。③从区域平均角度而言,研究海域的整体波浪能以每年增长0.025 kW·m^(-1)的速度逐年增加,而引起该地波浪能增加的主要原因为夏季波浪能的增长。各季节下的波浪能变化趋势表现不一:秋冬两季波浪能占比小,年际变化不明显,春夏季的波浪能占比大,年际变化趋势显著,春季的波浪能大致以每年0.05%的占比向夏季转移。This study used the ERA5 reanalysis data provided by ECMWF to analyzed the spatial distribution,seasonal characteristics and long-term variation trend of energy flow density in the Gulf of Guinea in 1979-2020.The result showed that:①The wave energy gradually decreases from sea to land,and the wave energy of southwest part of the study area is higher than that of the northeast part of the area.The spatial distribution of wave energy in each season is quite different:the wave energy in summer mainly shows a north-south distribution difference,while the wave energy in winter mainly shows an east-west distribution difference.And,the wave energy in summer is higher than that in winter.As the transitional season,wave energy in spring and autumn lies between those in spring and winter.②The wave energy in most areas of Gulf of Guinea shows an apparent increasing trend.The growth rate is largest in the southeast part 0.06 kW·m^(-1)·a-1,and gradually decreases from southeast to northwest.③In terms of regional average,the wave energy of Gulf of Guinea is increasing 0.025 kW·m^(-1)·a-1 because of the wave energy growth in summer.The change trend of wave energy varies in different seasons:the proportion of wave energy in autumn and winter is smaller with almost no variations,relative to that in spring and summer.This part of wave energy in spring transfers to summer with a rate 0.05%per year.

关 键 词：ERA5 几内亚湾 波浪能 空间分布 变化趋势 

分 类 号：P743.2[天文地球—海洋科学] TK01[动力工程及工程热物理]