集体林权制度改革进程、效应与演化:2002—2022年  

The Course,Effects,and Evolution of the Reform of Collective Forest Rights System:2002-2022

作　　者：刘璨 张寒[2] LIU Can;ZHANG Han

机构地区：[1]国家林业和草原局发展研究中心 [2]西北农林科技大学经济管理学院

出　　处：《改革》2023年第8期140-155,共16页Reform

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“改革开放40年来我国集体林产权制度改革及相关林业政策对农户林业生产要素配置及其收入影响研究”(71873043);国家自然科学基金面上项目“农村劳动力成本上升与营林投入结构固化:悖论、形成机制与影响研究”(72073107)。

摘　　要：集体林在生态文明建设和乡村振兴中发挥着重要作用,集体林权制度改革是集体林区改革与发展的关键举措之一。2002—2022年的集体林权制度改革可划分为2002—2011年和2012—2022年两个既相互关联又有明显区别的阶段:前一个阶段以集体林确权和推行家庭经营为主要特征,后一个阶段以鼓励集体林权流转以实现规模经济为特征。在构建多元主体互动制度变迁理论分析框架的基础上,利用8 855个跟踪农户样本和351个新型林业经营主体样本进行集体林权制度改革效应与演化分析,研究结果发现:政府决定了集体林权制度改革的启动时机和核心措施,集体林权制度改革是政府精心设计和集体林经营主体自发适应相互作用的制度变迁;生态目标和经济目标的不协同是集体林权制度改革的重要制约因素之一,集体林权制度改革与政府政策制度、市场等动态演化步调不吻合是集体林权制度改革持续推进的动因。应强化制度的系统性和集成性,协同推进集体林权制度改革及其配套改革,坚持顶层设计与“摸着石头过河”相结合,实现政府目标和集体林经营主体目标的耦合与协同,促进集体森林资源可持续经营。Collective forests play an important role in the construction of ecological civilization and rural revitalization,and the reform of collective forest rights system is one of the key measures for the reform and development of collective forest areas.The reform of the collective forest rights system from 2002 to 2022 can be divided into two stages,which are both interrelated and significantly different from 2002 to 2011 and 2012 to 2022.The first stage is characterized by the confirmation of collective forest rights and the implementation of family management,while the second stage is characterized by the promotion of encouraging the transfer of collective forest rights to achieve economies of scale.On the basis of constructing a theoretical analysis framework for institutional change through the interaction of multiple subjects,a study was conducted on the effects and evolution of collective forest rights system reform using 8,855 samples of tracking farmers and 351 samples of new forestry business entities.The research results found that the government determines the initiating timing and core measures for collective forest rights system reform.The reform of collective forest rights system is a systematic change that is carefully designed and spontaneously utilized by the government,and interacts with each other.The lack of coordination between ecological and economic goals is one of the important constraints of the reform of collective forest rights system.The inconsistency between the reform of collective forest rights system and the dynamic evolution pace of government policies,systems,and markets is the driving force for the continuous promotion of collective forest rights system reform.We should strengthen the systematic integration between systems,promote the reform of collective forest rights system and supporting reforms in a coordinated manner,adhere to combine top-level design with"crossing the river by feeling the stones",achieve the coupling and coordination of government goals and the goals of collec

关 键 词：集体林权制度改革 产权制度变迁 新型林业经营主体 

分 类 号：F326.2[经济管理—产业经济]