基于气象小网格数据推算烤烟最适生长季  

Calculation of Optimum Growing Season of Flue-cured Tobacco Based on Meteorological Small Grid Data

作　　者：刘思华 张明发 何娜 范雨娴 李晶[1,2] 张胜 LIU Sihua;ZHANG Mingfa;HE Na;FAN Yuxian;LI Jing;ZHANG Sheng(Hunan Meteorological Research Institute,Changsha,Hunan 410118;Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Prevention and Reduction in Hunan,Changsha,Hunan 410118;Xiangxi Autonomous Prefecture Tobacco Company,Jishou,Hunan 416000;Meteorological Bureau in Jiahe,Chenzhou,Hunan 424500;Meteorological Bureau in Yiyang of Hunan Province,Yiyang,Hunan 413000,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南省气象科学研究所,湖南长沙410118 [2]气象防灾减灾湖南省重点实验室,湖南长沙410118 [3]湘西自治州烟草公司,湖南吉首416000 [4]湖南省嘉禾县气象局,湖南郴州424500 [5]湖南省益阳市气象局,湖南益阳413000

出　　处：《贵州农业科学》2023年第9期34-46,共13页Guizhou Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：湘西州烟草公司项目“湘西州烤烟产质量提升关键技术及决策服务系统”(2019433100200198)。

摘　　要：【目的】探明不同海拔地区种植烤烟的最佳移栽期、最晚采收末期和最适生长季规律,为山地特色烟叶产区充分挖掘气候资源及科学生产优质烟叶提供理论依据。【方法】以湖南省湘西土家族苗族自治州海拔跨度较大的烤烟主产区为研究区,基于500 m×500 m的小网格气象数据,计算1961—2020年80%保证率下网格点烤烟移栽期和采收期界限温度的初终日,并分析不同海拔高度界限温度初终日的变化规律,明确烤烟不同海拔区种植的最佳移栽期、最晚采收末期、最适生长季及其气候变化趋势。【结果】烤烟移栽期和采收期界限温度随海拔升高呈线性变化特征,线性拟合优度较高。海拔平均每升高100 m,移栽期稳定通过12℃、13℃初日分别推迟1.7 d、1.8 d,采收期稳定通过17℃、20℃终日分别提前2.8 d、4.0 d。在相同海拔的植烟单元,13℃初日较12℃初日推迟约5.6 d,20℃终日较17℃终日推迟约20.6 d。海拔300 m以下的烟田宜在4月上旬后期(12℃初日)至4月中旬中期(13℃初日)移栽,在8月中旬后期采收完毕;海拔300-500 m的烟田宜在4月中旬前期至4月中旬后期移栽,在8月下旬后期采收完毕;海拔500-800 m的烟田宜在4月中旬后期至4月下旬前期移栽,在9月上旬前采收完毕;海拔800-1200 m的烟田宜在4月下旬前期至4月下旬后期移栽,在9月中旬中期采收完毕。界限温度13℃初日在大部分地区和12℃初日在少部分地区烤烟移栽期具有显著提前的气候变化特征,17℃和20℃终日在绝大部分地区烤烟移栽期不具有显著变化的气候趋势。【结论】在气候变暖与初日提前综合作用背景下,湘西州各海拔地区热量资源增加,建议当地结合烤烟生产实际将移栽期适当提前。【Objective】The rules in optimum growing season,optimum transplanting period and end-harvest period for flue-cured tobacco area with different altitude were clarified,so as to provide theoretical basis for fully exploiting climatic resources to produce high-quality tobacco leaves for other mountain characteristic tobacco leaf producing areas.【Method】Taking the main flue-cured tobacco producing area with a large altitude span in Xiangxi Tujiazu&Miaozu Autonomous Prefecture,Hunan Province as the research area,based on the small grid meteorological data of 500 m×500 m,the initial and final date of the boundary temperature of transplanting period and harvest period of the grid spot under the 80%guarantee rate from 1961 to 2020 were calculated,and the change law of the initial and final date of the boundary temperature at different altitudes was analyzed,and the optimal transplanting period,the latest end-harvest period,the most suitable growing season and its climate change trend were clarified.【Result】The boundary temperature during transplanting and harvest period showed a linear trend with the increase of altitude,and had higher goodness of fit.With the increase of 100 m above sea level,the first day when stably passed 12℃and 13℃of the transplanting period delayed by 1.7 and 1.8 days,respectively,and the last day when stably passed 17℃and 20℃of the harvest period advanced by 2.8 and 4.0 days,respectively.In the same tobacco area with same elevation,the first day passed 13℃was 5.6 d later than that of 12℃,and the last day passed 20℃was 20.6 d later than that of 17℃.The suitable transplanting period for tobacco fields with the elevation of below 300 m was from the late days of early April to the middle days of mid-April,and the tobacco should be harvested in the late mid-August;The suitable transplanting period for tobacco fields with the elevation of 300-500 m was from early mid-April to late mid-April,and the tobacco should be harvested in late day of late August;The suitable transplant

关 键 词：小网格 气象 海拔 界限温度 烤烟 移栽期 最适生长季 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]