基于分层误差补偿的飞机柔性工装定位精度提高方法  

A method for improving the positioning accuracy of aircraft flexible tooling based on layering error compensation

作　　者：刘振宇 喻明让[1] 陈云[2] 郗唯杰 Liu Zhenyu;Yu Mingrang;Chen Yun;Xi Weijie(College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,North University of China,Shanxi Taiyuan,030051,China;North Institute of Automatic Control Technology,Shanxi Taiyuan,030006,China)

机构地区：[1]中北大学航空宇航学院,山西太原030051 [2]北方自动控制技术研究所,山西太原030006

出　　处：《机械设计与制造工程》2023年第8期77-81,共5页Machine Design and Manufacturing Engineering

基　　金：山西省基础研究计划面上项目(20210302123050)。

摘　　要：飞机柔性工装中三坐标定位器的定位精度直接影响飞机大部件间的装配精度。提出了一种分层误差补偿模型以提高其定位精度,首先对定位器堆栈式结构和导轨间相关性进行分析,改进各轴运动方向上的角误差,提高整体线性误差补偿精度;然后采用遗传算法优化的神经网络对线性补偿后误差较大的位置点进行非线性误差补偿;最后将线性模型和非线性模型结合,提出了分层误差补偿模型,并进行了传统误差补偿模型和分层误差补偿模型的对比实验。实验结果表明,分层误差补偿模型与传统误差补偿模型相比,空间误差补偿效果最大可提高58.09%、均值可提高46.92%,有效地改善了误差补偿效果,提高了飞机数字化装配的精度。The positioning accuracy of three-coordinate positioner in aircraft flexible tooling directly affects the assembly accuracy of large parts of aircraft,which is a key link in aircraft assembly.A layered error compensation model is proposed in this paper to improve the positioning accuracy.Firstly,by analyzing the correlation between the stack structure of the positioner and the guide rail,the angular error in the direction of each axis is improved,and the overall linear error compensation accuracy is improved;Then,the neural network optimized by genetic algorithm is used to compensate the nonlinear error of the position points with large linear compensation error;Finally,a hierarchical error compensation model is proposed by combining the linear model with the nonlinear model,and a comparison experiment is conducted between the traditional error compensation model and the hierarchical error compensation model.The experimental results show that compared with the traditional error compensation model,the maximum value of the layered error compensation model can be increased by 58.09%and the average value by 46.92%,which effectively improves the error compensation effect and improves the precision of aircraft digital assembly.

关 键 词：飞机装配 三坐标定位器 相关性 遗传BP神经网络 误差建模 

分 类 号：TH161.7[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]