不同产量水平水稻群体光合特性和产量构成差异  

Differences in photosynthetic characteristics and yield components of rice populations at different yield levels

作　　者：杨洪 李旭毅[1,3] 卿发红 余俊奇 朱从桦 李伟[1] 李天 陈光毅[2] 欧阳裕元[1,2,3] YANG Hong;LI Xu-yi;QING Fa-hong;YU Jun-qi;ZHU Cong-hua;LI Wei;LI Tian;CHEN Guang-yi;OU YANG Yu-yuan(Crop Research Institute,Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Chengdu 610066,China;College of Agronomy,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130,China;Environment-friendly Crop Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province,Chengdu 610066,China;Agriculture and Rural Burea of Mianzhu,Deyang 618200,China)

机构地区：[1]四川省农业科学院作物研究所,四川成都610066 [2]四川农业大学农学院,四川成都611130 [3]粮油作物绿色种质创新与遗传改良四川省重点实验室,四川成都610066 [4]绵阳市农业农村局,四川德阳618200

出　　处：《江苏农业学报》2023年第5期1089-1096,共8页Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：四川省育种攻关项目(2021YFYZ0005);崇州天府优质粮油功能区高食味优质稻高产增效生产技术示范及产业化开发项目(2020-YF09-00079-SN);国家现代农业产业技术体系四川水稻创新团队项目(SCCXTD-2020-03);四川省科技计划重点研发项目(2021YFYZ0016)。

摘　　要：为明确不同产量水平水稻产量构成、群体结构、光合特性和氮素利用率等指标的变化规律,在绵竹和中江设置农户水平(FL)、高产高效水平(HH)和超高产水平(SH)3种栽培模式,并设置不施氮肥对照。分析不同产量水平水稻之间产量、群体、光合特性和氮素利用率的差异,探究不同产量水平形成原因及进一步提高产量的途径。结果表明,(1)与FL处理相比,HH和SH处理的结实率和千粒质量均明显增加,但每穗粒数降低,有效穗数分别显著增加12.74%和26.10%;(2)抽穗后不同产量水平水稻间干物质积累量差异显著,成熟期两生态点SH处理的平均干物质积累量为21.98 t/hm^(2),与HH和FL处理相比分别显著提高10.95%和20.90%;(3)不同产量水平水稻茎蘖数差异较大,成熟期两生态点FL、HH和SH处理的平均茎蘖数分别为1 hm22.6899×10^(6)、3.0328×10^(6)和3.3921×10^(6),SH处理比HH处理高11.85%,HH处理比FL处理高12.75%;(4)总体上,不同产量水平水稻的平均叶面积指数、剑叶SPAD值、光合速率和辐射利用率均表现为SH>HH>FL;(5)与FL处理相比,HH处理的氮素偏生产力和氮素农学利用率均表现为增加,而SH处理的氮素农学利用率提高,氮素偏生产力降低。因此,实现水稻产量从农户水平到高产高效水平甚至超高产水平的关键在于“增穗稳粒”,并在此基础上提升群体质量和光合能力,今后水稻高产栽培应着重于改善抽穗后群体质量和冠层结构。To investigate the differences of yield components,population structure,photosynthetic characteristics and nitrogen use efficiency of rice under different yield levels,three cultivation modes of super-high-yield level(SH),high-yield and high-efficiency level(HH),and farmer production level(FL)were set up in Mianzhu and Zhongjiang,and no nitrogen fertilizer control was set up.Differences in yield,population,photosynthetic characteristics and nitrogen use efficiency of rice at different yield levels were analyzed,and the factors affecting yield gap and the ways to reduce the gap were explored.The results showed that compared with FL treatment,the seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight of HH and SH treatments increased but spikelets per panicle decreased,and the number of effective panicles increased significantly by 12.74% and 26.10%,respectively.There were significantly differences in dry matter accumulation among rice varieties with different yield levels after heading.The average dry matter accumulation of two experimental sites under SH treatment was 21.98 t/hm^(2) at maturity stage,which was 10.95% and 20.90% higher than that under HH and FL treatments.The number of tillers of rice at different yield levels was quite different.The average tiller numbers of FL,HH and SH treatments were 2.6899×10^(6),3.0328×10^(6) and 3.3921×10^(6) per hectare,respectively.The average tiller number of SH treatment was 11.85% higher than that of HH treatment,and the average tiller number of HH treatment was 12.75% higher than that of FL treatment.In general,the average leaf area index,flag leaf SPAD value,photosynthetic rate and radiation utilization rate of rice at different yield levels followed the order of SH>HH>FL.Compared with FL treatment,the nitrogen partial productivity and nitrogen agronomic efficiency of HH treatment increased,while the nitrogen agronomic efficiency of SH treatment increased and the nitrogen partial productivity decreased.Therefore,the key to achieve rice yield from the farmer level to the high-yie

关 键 词：水稻 产量水平 群体结构 光合特性 产量构成 氮素利用 

分 类 号：S511.41[农业科学—作物学]