高熵合金高能束增材制造及性能的研究进展  

Research Progress of Preparation and Properties of High Entropy Alloy Prepared by High Energy Beam Additive Manufacturing

作　　者：郭义乾 郭正华[2] 李智勇 汪广平 刘奋成 曾一达 Guo Yiqian;Guo Zhenghua;Li Zhiyong;Wang Guangping;Liu Fencheng;Zeng Yida(National Defense Key Discipline Laboratory of Light Alloy Processing Science and Technology,Nanchang Hangkong University,Nanchang 330063,China;Nanchang Hangkong University,Nanchang 330063,China;Jiangxi Changhe Aviation Industry Co.,Ltd,Jingdezhen 333002,China)

机构地区：[1]南昌航空大学轻合金加工科学与技术国防重点学科实验室,江西南昌330063 [2]南昌航空大学,江西南昌330063 [3]江西昌河航空工业有限公司,江西景德镇333002

出　　处：《稀有金属材料与工程》2023年第8期2965-2977,共13页Rare Metal Materials and Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52105451);江西省重大科技研发专项(20194ABC28001);江西省重点研发计划重点项目(202112BBE51007);江西省重点研发计划(20202BBEL53029);轻合金加工科学与技术国防重点学科实验室开放课题研究基金(EG202003411)。

摘　　要：高熵合金(HEA)是目前材料和工程科学领域的研究热点。HEA不同于传统合金,由多种主要元素组成,因此HEA成分数量可能大大超过传统合金。HEA因其独特“近/等摩尔比”的成分构成,具备高硬度、抗氧化、抗腐蚀、耐高温、耐磨等优异的性能。增材制造(AM)与HEA结合可制备出高强度、高塑性、高度复杂几何体的金属零件。本文探讨了目前广泛使用的选区电子束熔化技术(SEBM)、选区激光熔化技术(SLM)、激光熔覆技术(LC)以及等离子熔覆技术(PC)。前两者用于制备块状HEA,后两者用于制备涂层HEA。SEBM制备的HEA延展性好,不易开裂;SLM制备的HEA成形精度、强度、表面光洁度高;LC制备的HEA熔覆层稀释度极低,组织致密;PC制备的HEA熔覆层几乎无气孔、无裂纹。本文系统总结了4种不同AM方法的技术特点,以及制备的HEA相较于传统铸造技术在微观结构特征、力学和耐腐蚀性能方面的优势,并详细介绍其内在机理。将为开发AM制备高熵合金的前沿技术提供理论思路。High-entropy alloys(HEA)are a research hotspot in the field of materials and engineering sciences.Unlike traditional alloys,HEA is composed of many main elements.Thus,the number of HEA components may greatly exceed that of traditional alloys.HEA has excellent properties(high hardness,oxidation resistance,corrosion resistance,high-temperature resistance and wear resistance)due to its unique composition of“near/equimolar ratio.”The combination of additive manufacturing(AM)and HEA can produce metal parts with high strength,high plasticity,and highly complex geometry.This paper discusses the widely used selective electron beam melting(SEBM),selective laser melting(SLM),laser cladding(LC),and plasma cladding(PC)techniques.The first two are used to prepare bulk HEA.The last two are used to prepare the coated HEA.The HEA prepared by SEBM has good ductility and is not easy to crack.The HEA prepared by SLM has high forming accuracy,strength,and surface finish.The HEA cladding layer prepared by LC has very low dilution degree and dense structure.The HEA cladding layer prepared by PC barely has pores or cracks.This paper systematically summarizes the technical characteristics of four different AM methods,as well as the advantages of the prepared HEA compared with those prepared by traditional casting techniques in terms of microstructural characteristics,mechanics and corrosion resistance,and introduces their intrinsic mechanisms in detail.This paper provides theoretical basis for the development of cutting-edge technologies to prepare HEAs by AM.

关 键 词：高熵合金 增材制造 成形工艺 力学性能 耐腐蚀性 

分 类 号：TG139[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]