常规早籼超级稻品种‘中组143’和‘中组53’的光合生理特性  

Photosynthetic physiological characteristics of early indica super rice varieties‘Zhongzu 143'and‘Zhongzu 53'

作　　者：李庆亮 尹琦 赵硕 任甜甜 王梦晓 马跃 谭伟 梁燕[3] LI Qingliang;YIN Qi;ZHAO Shuo;REN Tiantian;WANG Mengxiao;MA Yue;TAN Wei;LIANG Yan(College of Life Sciences,Zaozhuang University,Shandong 277160,China;College of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering,Zaozhuang University,Shandong 277160,China;State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding,China Rice Research Institute,Hangzhou 310006,China)

机构地区：[1]枣庄学院生命科学学院,山东枣庄277160 [2]枣庄学院食品科学与制药工程学院,山东枣庄277160 [3]中国水稻研究所,水稻生物育种全国重点实验室,杭州310006

出　　处：《植物生理学报》2023年第8期1607-1615,共9页Plant Physiology Journal

基　　金：水稻生物育种全国重点实验室开放课题(20210301)。

摘　　要：‘中组143’和‘中组53’是通过浙江省审定的优良籼稻品种,其产量均高于亲本‘中早39’。明确水稻高产的光合生理基础,能够为进一步提高光能利用率和产量提供理论依据。本试验以盆栽‘中组143’、‘中组53’和‘中早39’为材料,分析了抽穗到灌浆后4个时期叶片的光合和产量特性。结果表明,‘中组53’和‘中组143’剑叶总叶绿素含量与‘中早39’差异不显著,但扬花期、灌浆期和灌浆后期净光合速率(Pn)显著高于‘中早39’。扬花期到灌浆后期,与‘中早39’相比,‘中组143’和‘中组53’剑叶PSⅡ实际光化学效率(ΦPSⅡ)、PSⅡ最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、电子传递速率(ETR)、光合性能指数(PIabs)、吸收光能用于电子传递的量子产额(φEo)、捕获的激子将电子传递到电子传递链中QA-下游其他电子受体的概率(ψo)较高,且1,5-二磷酸核酮糖羧化酶/加氧酶(Rubisco)活性较高,而用于热耗散的量子比率(φDo)及J、K点的可变荧光(Vj、Vk)较低。成熟期,‘中组143’和‘中组53’单株穗重、千粒重较高。‘中组53’和‘中组143’剑叶PSⅡ光化学效率、PSⅡ供体侧和受体侧电子传递活性较高,较高的PSⅡ和Rubisco活性导致其Pn较高,从而保障在结实期能够积累足够多的光合产物,为高产提供充足的物质基础。‘Zhongzu 143’and‘Zhongzu 53’are excellent indica rice varieties approved by Zhejiang Province,and their yields are higher than that of their parent‘Zhongzao 39’.Clarifying the photosynthetic physiological basis of their high yield can provide theoretical basis for improving the ultilization rate and yield of rice.In this experiment,photosynthesis of flag leaves and yield characteristics were analyzed in potted plants of‘Zhongzu 143’,‘Zhongzu 53’and‘Zhongzao 39’during 4 periods from heading to late filling stage.The results showed that there was no significant difference in total chlorophyll content among‘Zhongzu 143’,‘Zhongzu 53’and‘Zhongzao 39’,but the net photosynthetic rate(P_n)of‘Zhongzu 143’and‘Zhongzu 53’at flowering stage,filling stage and late filling stage was significantly higher than that of‘Zhongzao 39’.From the flowering stage to the later filling stage,compared with‘Zhongzao 39’,the PSⅡactual photochemical efficiency(Φ_(PSⅡ)),maximum photochemical efficiency(F_v/F_m),electron transport rate(ETR),photosynthetic performance index(PI_(abs)),quantum yield of absorbing light energy for electron transport(φ_(Eo)),the efficiency of a trapped excition moving an electron into the electron transport chain beyond Q_A~-(ψ_o)and the activity of 1,5-diphosphate ribulose carboxylase(Rubisco)in flag leaves of‘Zhongzu 53’and‘Zhongzu 143’was higher,while the quantum ratio(φ_(Do))for heat dissipation,the variable fluorescence(V_j,V_k)of J and K dots was lower.At maturity,‘Zhongzu 143’and‘Zhongzu 53’had higher panicle weight and 1000-grain weight per plant.In summary,the photochemical efficiency,electron transfer rate on the donor and acceptor sides of PSⅡin the flag leaves of‘Zhongzu 53’and‘Zhongzu 143’were higher.The higher activity of PSⅡand Rubisco led to higher P_n,which ensured the accumulation of enough photosynthates during the fruiting period,providing sufficient material basis for high yield.

关 键 词：水稻 高产 光合生理 PSⅡ光化学活性 

分 类 号：S511.21[农业科学—作物学]