浅析尿素电解制氢及尿素燃料电池研究进展  

Basics of Research Progress for Urea Electrolysis for Hydrogen Generation and Urea Fuel Cells

作　　者：尹春 李家欣 冯立纲[1] YIN Chun;LI Jia-Xin;FENG Li-Gang(School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225002,China)

机构地区：[1]扬州大学化学化工学院,扬州225002

出　　处：《应用化学》2023年第8期1158-1174,共17页Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.22272148)资助。

摘　　要：尿素作为有效的氢载体,可应用于尿素电解(UE)制氢和直接尿素燃料电池(DUFC)。在尿素电解制氢中,阳极的尿素氧化反应(UOR)与阴极的析氢反应(HER)耦合生产氢气,与水电解制氢相比更具成本效益,能耗约降低30%,经济成本约降低36%。在直接尿素燃料电池中,尿素作为燃料在阳极进行氧化,与阴极的氧还原耦合将化学能转化为电能。UOR作为这2种能量转换技术的基础半反应,受到越来越多的关注。本文讨论了UOR在碱性电解质中的反应原理和性能描述参数,分别介绍了UOR在UE和DUFC中的应用,主要对UE和DUFC的作用原理和一些催化剂的发展现状进行了分析,最后探讨了UE和DUFC发展面临的挑战,希望本篇综述能对UE和DUFC的理解提供参考。Urea as an effective hydrogen carrier can be used in urea electrolysis(UE)for hydrogen production and direct urea fuel cells(DUFC).In urea electrolysis,the coupling of urea oxidation reaction(UOR)at the anode and hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)at the cathode to produce hydrogen is more costeffective than water electrolysis,with energy consumption reduced by about 30%and economic cost reduced by about 36%.In the direct urea fuel cells,urea as fuel at the anode and coupled with oxygen reduction at the cathode can convert chemical energy directly into electrical energy.As the basis of these two energy conversion technologies,UOR has received more and more attention.This review discusses the reaction principle and performance description parameters of UOR in alkaline electrolytes and introduces the application of UOR in UE and DUFC.Attention is also given to the principles of UE and DUFC and the development status of some catalysts,and finally,the challenges faced in the development of UE and DUFC are also commented.Hopefully,this review will be helpful for understanding the basics of UE and DUFC.

关 键 词：尿素 电解 燃料电池 氢气 电化学 

分 类 号：O646[理学—物理化学]