上海市不同学历群体过剩通勤空间分异及影响因素  

Intraurban variations and determinants of excess commuting for different educational groups in Shanghai

作　　者：岳丽莹 李开明 吴瑞君[3] Yue Liying;Li Kaiming;Wu Ruijun(Asian Demographic Research Institute,Shanghai University,Shanghai 200444,China;Department of Architecture,Shanghai Academy of Fine Arts,Shanghai University,Shanghai 200444,China;School of Social Development,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200241,China)

机构地区：[1]上海大学亚洲人口研究中心,上海200444 [2]上海大学上海美术学院建筑系,上海200444 [3]华东师范大学社会发展学院,上海200241

出　　处：《地理科学》2023年第8期1382-1391,共10页Scientia Geographica Sinica

基　　金：上海市浦江人才计划(22PJC049);中国博士后科学基金项目(2023M732174)资助。

摘　　要：过剩通勤分析对于提高城市通勤效率、优化职住空间关系有重要现实意义。基于2015年上海1%人口抽样调查街道尺度数据,采用过剩通勤的空间离散方法,分析不同学历群体的过剩通勤差异及其城市内部空间异质性,并探讨职住空间关系对通勤行为的作用机制。结果表明:①上海中心城区通勤出行中有52.14%属于过剩通勤,通勤潜能利用率为26.14%,表明通勤出行仍然具有较大的优化提升空间。②从学历看,过剩通勤存在明显群体差异,高学历群体的过剩通勤程度远高于低学历群体。③从空间看,过剩通勤在城市内部呈较大的空间异质性,中心地区远高于外围地区。④从作用机制看,除微观层面的职住平衡,宏观层面的职住离散也对居民通勤行为产生显著影响,但二者对不同学历群体的影响效力存在明显差异,前者对低学历群体的影响更大而后者对高学历群体影响更大。Excess commuting analysis is of great practical significance for improving urban commuting efficiency and optimizing the spatial relationship between employment and housing.There are few studies on intraurban variations of excess commuting,and also from the perspective of educational attainment.Based on the Shanghai 1%population sample survey data at sub-district level in 2015,we analyzed commuting efficiency differences among different educational groups and their intraurban variations,using a spatially disaggregated approach.The results show that 52.14%of commuting trips were excess commuting,and 26.14%of commuting potential was utilized,which still has great potential for commuting optimization.From the perspective of educational attainment,there are significant group differences in commuting behavior and its efficiency.The degree of jobs and housing separation of low educational groups is lower but has more obvious decentralized characteristics,and its commuting efficiency is much higher than that of high educational groups.In term of spatial distribution,workers travelling from homes located in job-rich areas make the shortest minimum commute,whereas workers living in housing-rich areas make the longest minimum commutes.The lowest commuting efficiency is found for job-rich areas and the highest for housing rich areas.The commuting efficiency of edge workers(employers)is higher than central workers(employers).From the perspective of influencing factors,in addition to the job-housing balance at the micro level,the job-housing spatial relationship at the macro level is also an important influencing factor of commuting behavior of residents.For the well-educated group,their selection of residential location follows patterns of average job location rather than that of the closest available job location.

关 键 词：通勤效率 职住平衡 过剩通勤 上海 

分 类 号：K901.2[历史地理—人文地理学]